From the Jacket
The Caraka Samhita stands at the top of the ancient texts representing the School of Medicine in Ayurveda founded by the great Scholar-Sage Punarvasu Atreya. Its value is further enhanced by the fact that it is the only text available in complete form where-as other contemporary Samhitas such as of Jatukarna, temporary Samhitas such as of Jatukarna, Parasara etc. perished, that of Bhela is incomplete and that of Harita is dragged into controversy. Thus any scholar desirous to know about the fundamentals of Ayurveda and its approach to life, health and disease has essentially to take resort to the study of this text unique in depth and divergence. It is rightly said, "whatever is not here can not be found anywhere else."
Historically too, it is quite interesting, Like an archaeological edifice. If it is dug into one would come across three distinct strate of authorship ascribed to Agnivesa, Caraka and Drdhabala in successive order.
And Translation This immensely valuable text needed since long a faithful and simple translation into English communicating the ideas as they are without divulging into dogmatic details which make the situation terse particularly for a young scholar. This comes from the pen of two erudite scholars of Ayurveda who has devoted the major part of the life in studying the text intensively from various angles and has command over both the languages concerned.
Thus the present work is a definite improvement in that its easy narrative style permits a Scholar not acquainted with Sanskrit syntax to grasp the various concepts of Ayurveda. Moreover, the present translation represents the first attempt of its kind to express in English the Ayurveda Dipika commentary by Cakrapanidatta, which sheds light after light on the text.
Vaidya Bhagwan Dash
Alongside what can be termed official medical science, the search for new drugs, and all the activity connected with the discovery of nature's secrets there exists a vast body of knowledge which stretches back into the ancient realms of time.
People without number throughout the world are fascinated by, and drawn to the world of alternative medicine which is receiving evermore recognition and appreciation in view of the use of the elements which our mother earth offers.
Vaidya Bhagwan Dash, former deputy adviser on Ayurveda to the Indian Ministry of Health, is a leading expert in a field which brings together ancient traditions and innovation in an attempt to meet the enormous needs of a country such as India.
On the sound basis of his medical training and research, Dash has furthered his studies, and as a recognised authority in Ayurveda has taken his knowledge and caring beyond his country.
He can look back on a long career in medicine and public service and among the many appointments he has held figures that of Director of the Yoga Research Institute in New Delhi.
The Pie Manzu Centre intends recognizing the contribution which Vaidya Bhagwan Dash has made to the health and well-being of mankind by awarding him the medal of the Presidency of the Italian Senate.
About the Author
Dr. Ram Karan Sharma (born March 20, 1927 at Shivapur, Saran, Bihar) was initiated to Vedic and allied studies (including Ayurveda) on traditional lines by Pandit Ambikadatta Sharma at Lokamanya Brahmacaryasrama, Muzaffarpur. As a full bright scholar, he worked with Prof. M. B. Emeneau at the University of California, Berkeley, U. S. A. College Muzaffarpur and Dr. Ishvara Datta (Patna College) affiliated to Patna University.
He was founder Director, Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan; vice Chancellor, Sampurnanand and Sanskrit University and Kameshvara Singh Darbhanga Sanskrit University; Joint Educational Adviser, Govt. of India; Visiting of Bihar. Presently he is the President of International Association of Sanskrit Studies. Areas of his special interest are: Panini, Mahabharata, Darsana, Kavya and Ayurveda. More than one hundred research papers and about a dozen major publications he has authored. His creative writings include Sandhya (Poetry), a recipient of Sahitya Akademi award and Sima (Novel) a recipient of Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad award.
Vaidya Bhagwan Dash (born Oct. 1934 in Parbatipur, Orissa) has had an outstandingly brilliant academic career. In addition to graduate and postgraduate qualifications in Ayurveda, he holds a Master's degree in Sanskrit and a Doctorate from University of Delhi.
In the course of over forty years dedicated to research and practice of Ayurveda, Dr. Dash has attended several international conferences and seminars held in Brazil, Mexico, Italy and France. He was invited to deliver a course of lectures in Ayurveda at the Patrice Lumumba Friendship University, Moscow and the Australia School of Ayurveda at Adelaide, South Australia.
A Sanskrit scholar, he handles the English Language with equal felicity. A significant advantage to his propensity for research in Ayurveda is Dr. Dash's proficiency in Tibetan Medicine.
Author of over sixty important publications covering different aspects of Ayurveda and Tibetan Medicine, he is recipient of several prestigious awards including a Gold Medal from the Presidency of Italian Senate for outstanding services he has made to the health and well-being of mankind.
He was deputy Adviser in Adviser in Ayurveda to the Government of India in the Ministry of Health and F. W. till 1981, when he took voluntary retirement to enable him to devote more time for academic and research activities. As a Consultant in Traditional Medicine of the World Health Organisation, he had paid several visits to Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma and Mongolia to study and advise on the Health Development Programmes of those countries.
The Caraka-samahita is famous as one of the remarkable accomplishments of ancient Indian science. Its large Sutra- sthana, as a thesaurus of the basic elements of Ayurveda practice, including the intellectual preparation of the physician besides the principles of medicine, is itself an arduous task for transla- tors. While two English translations of the Caraka are presently available, they are too literal, almost requiring that the original Sanskrit be read along with the translation in order to garner the meaning. I am happy to report that the present work, the result of unremitting and sensitive labors by Dr. R. K Sharma and Mr. Bhagwan Dash, is a definite improvement in that its easy narrative style permits a scholar not acquainted with San- skrit syntax to grasp the various concepts of Ayurveda. Moreover, the present translation is the first one to express in English the Ayurveda Dipika commentary by Cakrapani Datta, which sheds light after light on the Caraka.
I believe that the translators are quite justified in leaving un translated certain terms, notably the triad of vata, pitta, and kapha, and certain names for diseases that stand for clusters of diseases rather than for particular well-defined ones Altogether, this translation, consummated as it is on a high level of learning and intelligence, should help the Caraka to assume its justified role in modern-day Ayurveda; and at the very least enhance the admiration due to this great classic in the Eastern and Western worlds.
I suppose that, in asking me to write a foreword to Dr. Bhagwan Dash's excellent rendering of Caraka Samhita and Ayurveda Dipika of Cakrapani Datta in English, the intention of the publisher is to introduce the young author to the world of Ayurveda, which I have been in contact with much longer, haying entered the field much earlier. The second possible ob- jective is to make available to the prospective reader of the book my assessment of the practical and academic worth of the author's work.
Dr. Bhagwan Dash's current reputation in the field of Ayurvedic scholarship, research and administration is flattering enough to render unnecessary anv fresh evaluation thereof by me. He has risen, like good Generals in Defence services, from the ranks. It has been my privilege and pleasure to see him leave milestone after milestone behind him in his onward march to success in different fields of Ayurvedic activities, both academic and administrative. And the best fruits of his multi-dimensional intellectual labour are to be found in his present interpretation of Caraka Samhita, a work which, in its own right, ranks as the greatest legacy the Seers of ancient India have bequeathed to the sciences of life.
Again, the Ayurveda Dipika of Cakrapani Datta is gener- ally accepted as.the most authentic commentary on the text of Caraka Samhita. This book will probably be the first to offer a standard English translation of Cakrapani's important work to those having no direct access to the Sanskrit language.
I, therefore, attach considerable importance to this publi- cation which is going to remove a great lacuna from the existing Ayurvedic literature available in the English language. Those who wish to undertake an intimate and advanced study of Caraka Samhita and, to an extent, even of Ayurveda as a whole, and are not equipped with an adequate knowledge of Sanskrit to study the originals by themselves, will find it profitable, per- haps even indispensable, to make a serious study of the contents of this treatise. The translations of the Samhita and the commen- tary make an interesting reading. Here and there, the author brings a touch of modernity to the ancient text. He describes the assembly of the Rsis in the Caitraratha forest as a " sympo- sium" "and the Rsis themselves as "participants in this sympo- sium". Punarvasu's expression of views at the end of a discussion is captioned as " The Concluding Remarks of the Chairman- Lord Punarvasu". He has almost bodily lifted the assembly from the beautiful Caitraratha forest and deposited it in a committee room of a modern institution.
Yet the translation remains faithful to the text. The great teacher is referred to as "Lord" Punarvasu only, and not as " His Holiness" or " His Excellency" Punarvasu. The word" Lord" is not an inapt translation of the word" Bhagavan". Therein lies the chief merit of the author's interpretation-there is no de- parture from the true sense of the original text. I consider it a creditable achievement. It is particularly so when the text he has handled is as important and as extensive as that of Caraka Samhita and Ayurveda Dipika. I believe the readers will find the study of this book rewarding and satisfying.
Introduction by Alex Wayman | iii | |
Foreward by Pandit Shiv Sharma | v | |
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Verse Nos. |
Page No. |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 1 |
Bharadvaja's approach to Indra for study of Ayurveda | 3 | 12 |
Chronology of the Propounders of Ayurveda | 4-5 | 15 |
Assembly of sages | 6-15 | 16 |
Meditation in search of the Teacher | 15-18 | 19 |
Teaching of Ayurveda by Indra to Bharadvaja | 18-23 | 20 |
Three cardinal principles of Ayurveda to Sages | 24 | 21 |
Bharadvaja's teaching of Ayurveda to Sages | 25-29 | 21 |
Six disciples of Atreya | 30-31 | 23 |
Composition of medical texts | 32-40 | 23 |
Definition of Ayurveda | 41 | 25 |
Definition and synonyms of Ayus (life) | 42 | 25 |
Excellence of Ayurveda | 43 | 26 |
Definition of Samanya (generic concomitance) and visesa (variant factor) | 44-45 | 26 |
Scope of Ayurveda | 46-47 | 32 |
Enumeration and classification of dravya (matter) | 48 | 33 |
Enumeration of gunas (qualities) and karmans (actions) | 49 | 35 |
Definition of Samavaya (Inseparable concomitance) | 50 | 36 |
Definition of dravya (matter) | 51 | 37 |
Definition of Guna (quality) | 51 | 37 |
Definition of karman (action) | 52 | 38 |
Object of Ayurveda | 53 | 39 |
Enumeration of the causes of diseases | 54 | 39 |
Two types of substrata of diseases and the factor responsible for maintaining positive health | 55 | 40 |
Definition of Atman (soul) | 56 | 41 |
Enumeration of three dosas (pathogenic factors) of the body and two dosas of the mind | 57 | 41 |
Factors responsible for the alleviation of dosas (pathogenic factors) | 58 | 43 |
Qualities of vayu, patta and slesman and factors responsible for their alleviation | 59-61 | 43 |
Means of alleviating diseases | 62-63 | 44 |
Definition of rasa (taste) and factors responsible for its manifestation | 64 | 45 |
Enumeration of rasas | 63 | 46 |
Rasas which alleviate different dosas | 66 | 46 |
Classification of dravyas (matter) on the basis of their prabhava (specific action) | 67 | 47 |
Classification of dravyas (matter) depending upon the source of origin and their enumeration | 68-74 | 49 |
Enumeration of dravyas (matter) having therapeutic excellence | 74-76 | 50 |
Names and actions of sixteen drugs whose fruits are used in medicine | 77-80 | 51 |
Name and actions of nineteen drugs whose fruits are used in medicine | 80-86 | 51 |
Enumeration of four snahas (fats) | 86-88 | 53 |
Enumeration of five types of lavanas (salt) and their usage | 88-92 | 53 |
Enumeration of eight types of urine and their usage | 92-105 | 54 |
Enumeration of eight types of milk and their usage | 105-113 | 56 |
Enumeration of three plants whose latex is used in medicine and their usage | 114-115 | 57 |
Enumeration of three plants whose bark is used in medicine and their usage | 116-119 | 58 |
Utility of the knowledge regarding names, morphology and usage of drugs | 120-123 | 58 |
Dangers in ignorance about the names, morphology and usage of drugs | 124-125 | 59 |
Responsibility of the physician | 126-133 | 60 |
Definition of appropriate medicine | 134 | 61 |
Accomplished physician | 135 | 61 |
Summary | 136-140 | 61 |
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(Apamargatanduliya) |
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Introduction | 102 | 63 |
Drugs for sirovirecana (elimination of dosas from the head) | 3-6 | 63 |
Drugs for vamana (emesis) | 7-8 | 64 |
Drugs for virecana (purgation) | 9-10 | 65 |
Drugs for asthapana and anuvasana types of enema | 11-14 | 66 |
Administration of pancakarma (five specialised therapies) | 15 | 67 |
Propriety in administration of drugs | 16 | 68 |
Twenty eight recipae of gruel | 17-33 | 68 |
Summary | 34-36 | 72 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 74 |
Fifteen recipae for the cure of obstinate skin diseases | 3-17 | 74 |
Five recipe for alleviation of vata | 18-20 | 78 |
Three recipae for alleviation of vatarakta (gout) | 21-23 | 79 |
Two recipae for headache | 23-24 | 80 |
Recipe for parsvaruk (pain in the sides of the chest) | 25 | 80 |
Two recipae for alleviation of burning sensation | 26-27 | 80 |
Recipae for alleviation of burning sensation | 28 | 81 |
Recipae for reducing diaphoresis and correcting bad smell of the body | 29 | 81 |
Summary | 30 | 82 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 83 |
Enumeration of the topics of the chapter | 3 | 83 |
Six hundred recipae for purgation including emesis | 4 | 84 |
Six parts of plants used in recipae | 5 | 84 |
Five types of decoction | 6 | 84 |
Five pharmaceutical processes | 7 | 84 |
Fifty groups of important decoctions | 8 | 86 |
Discussion about the number between Agnivesa and Atreya | 21-22 | 102 |
Summary | 23-29 | 103 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 105 |
Eating in proper quantity | 3 | 105 |
Quantity of food and digestion | 4 | 106 |
Quantity of food in relation to quality | 5-7 | 106 |
Intake of food of proper quality | 8-9 | 108 |
Unwholesome food | 10-11 | 109 |
Wholesome food | 12-13 | 109 |
Personal hygiene | 14 | 110 |
Time for the use of collyrium | 15-17 | 111 |
Benefits of the use of collyrium | 18-20 | 112 |
Smoking | 20-27 | 112 |
Benefits of smoking | 27-33 | 114 |
Schedule for smoking | 33-38 | 115 |
Bad effects of improper smoking | 38-39 | 116 |
Treatment of complication | 39-40 | 116 |
Contra-indications for smoking | 41-46 | 117 |
Routes of smoking | 46-49 | 117 |
Size and shape of smoking pipe | 49-52 | 118 |
Signs of proper and improper smoking | 52-56 | 119 |
Use of nasal drops | 56-57 | 119 |
Benefits of the use of nasal drops | 57-63 | 120 |
Anu taila | 63-71 | 120 |
Teeth brushing and tongue scraping | 71-76 | 122 |
Chewing | 76-77 | 123 |
Gargles | 78-80 | 123 |
Use of oil on head | 81-83 | 124 |
Dropping of oil in ears | 84-124 | |
Oil massage | 85-87 | 124 |
Benefits of oil massage and unction | 88-96 | 125 |
Bath | 94 | 126 |
Use of clean dress | 95 | 126 |
Use of Scents | 96 | 126 |
Use of ornaments | 97 | 126 |
Cleaning feet and excretory orifices | 98 | 126 |
Cutting of hair and nails | 99 | 127 |
Use of foot wears | 100 | 127 |
Use of umbrella | 101 | 127 |
Use of walking stick | 102 | 127 |
Vigilance for maintaining the physique | 103 | 127 |
Choice of profession | 104 | 128 |
Summary | 105-111 | 128 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 130 |
Improtance of the knowledge of dietetics | 3 | 130 |
Two Solstics | 4-5 | 130 |
Effects of adana and visarga kalas on body | 6-8 | 132 |
Regimen for winter (hemanta and sisira ) | 9-21 | 135 |
Regimen for spring | 22-26 | 138 |
Regimen for summer | 27-32 | 139 |
Regimen for rainy season | 33-40 | 140 |
Regimen for autumn | 41-48 | 142 |
Satmya (homologation) | 49-50 | 144 |
Summary | 51 | 145 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 146 |
Enumeration of urges | 3-4 | 146 |
Diseases caused by the suppression of urges and their management | 5-25 | 146 |
Urges which should be suppressed | 26-30 | 150 |
Exercise | 31 | 151 |
Good effects of exercise | 32 | 152 |
Bad effects of exercise | 33 | 152 |
Sings of correct exercise | (1) | 152 |
Things which should not be resorted to in excess | 34-35 | 152 |
Contra-indications for exercise | (1-2) | 153 |
Schedule for giving up addictions | 36-38 | 153 |
Prakrti (physical constitution) | 39-40 | 154 |
Regiman for persons of different types of prakrti | 41 | 156 |
Excretory orifices and treatment of their disorders | 42-44 | 156 |
Importance of proper regimen | 45 | 157 |
Regimen for prevention of diseases | 46-50 | 157 |
Extrinsic factors of diseases and their prevention | 51-55 | 159 |
Unsuitable persons for company | 56-57 | 160 |
Suitable persons for company | 58-60 | 161 |
Rules for using curd | 61-62 | 161 |
Summary | 63-66 | 162 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 163 |
Enumeration of topics of the chapter | 3 | 163 |
Mind and its characteristics | 4-7 | 164 |
Five sense faculties | 8 | 166 |
Material constituents of sense organs | 9 | 166 |
Five sense organs | 10 | 167 |
Objects of five sense faculties | 11 | 167 |
Five sense perceptions | 12 | 167 |
Spiritual elements and their actions | 13 | 168 |
Pancabhutas in five sense faculties | 14 | 168 |
Principle of Psycho-pathogenesis | 15-16 | 169 |
Prevention of Psychic disturbances | 17-18 | 170 |
Code of ethics | 19-29 | 173 |
Summary | 30-33 | 181 |
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(Khuddakacatuspada) |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 183 |
Four aspects of therapeutics | 3 | 183 |
Definition of health and ill health | 4 | 184 |
Definition of treatment | 5 | 186 |
Qualities of physician | 6 | 186 |
Qualities of medicament | 7 | 186 |
Qualities of medical-attendant | 8 | 187 |
Qualities of patient | 9 | 187 |
Importance of physician | 10-15 | 187 |
Quack | 15-17 | 188 |
Definition of "a Saviour of life" | 18-23 | 189 |
Duties of a physician | 24-25 | 190 |
Four aspects of medical profession | 26 | 190 |
Summary | 27-28 | 191 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 192 |
Dialogue between Atreya and Maitreya regarding the utility of medicines | 3-6 | 192 |
Importance of prognostic consideration in the management of a patient | 7-8 | 196 |
Classification of disease according to prognosis | 9-10 | 196 |
Factors determining good and bad prognosis | 11-20 | 197 |
Importance of thorough examination | 21-22 | 200 |
Summary | 23-24 | 200 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 201 |
Three basic desires | 3 | 202 |
Desire for longevity | 4 | 203 |
Desire for wealth | 5 | 203 |
Desire for happiness in future life | 6 | 204 |
Life after death | 7-16 | 205 |
Four-fold means of correct knowledge | 17-26 | 210 |
Proofs of rebirth | 27-33 | 215 |
Seven Triads | 34 | 219 |
Three supports of life | 35 | 219 |
Three types of strength | 36 | 220 |
Three groups of etiological factors | 37-44 | 221 |
Classification of disease | 45-47 | 226 |
Three courses of the disease | 48-49 | 228 |
Three types of physicians | 50-53 | 230 |
Three types of therapies | 54-63 | 230 |
Summary | 64-65 | 233 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 234 |
Symposium on Vata | 3 | 234 |
Qualities of Vata | 4 | 235 |
Causes of aggravation and alleviation of vata | 5-7 | 235 |
Functions of normal and abnormal vata | 8-10 | 238 |
Functions of normal and abnormal pitta | 11 | 240 |
Functions of normal and abnormal kapha | 12 | 241 |
Presidential remarks by Punarvasu Atreya | 13-15 | 242 |
Summary | 16-17 | 242 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 244 |
Agnivesa's queries about fats | 3-8 | 244 |
Atreya's reply-sources of fats | 9-11 | 246 |
Properties of sesamum and castor oil | 12 | 246 |
Best unctuous substances | 13 | 247 |
Properties of ghee, oil, muscle fat and marrow and their use | 14-19 | 248 |
Complications of untimely administration of fats | 20-21 | 250 |
Anupana | 22 | 251 |
Preparations of fats | 23-25 | 251 |
Administration of pure fat | 26 | 252 |
Enumeration of preparations of fat | 27-28 | 252 |
Dosage | 29-40 | 253 |
Indications for the administration of ghee, oil, muscle fat and bone-marrow | 41-52 | 255 |
Contra-indications | 53-56 | 257 |
Sings of under oleation, proper oleation and over oleation | 57-59 | 258 |
Preparatory therapy | 60-61 | 259 |
Regimens to be followed during oleation therapy | 62-64 | 260 |
Oleation therapy for different types of bowel | 65-69 | 260 |
Complications and their management | 70-79 | 261 |
Post-therapeutic management | 80-81 | 263 |
Fat preparations and their indications | 82-95 | 264 |
Simple | 96-97 | 266 |
Salt in oleation therapy | 98 | 267 |
Routine of administration of pancakarma therapy | 99 | 267 |
Summary | 100 | 267 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 268 |
Effects of fomentation therapy | 3-5 | 268 |
Factors responsible for effectiveness of the therapy | 6-9 | 268 |
Fomentation over testicles, heart an eyes | 10-12 | 270 |
Sings of proper fomentation and over fomentation | 13-15 | 270 |
Contra indications | 16-19 | 271 |
Indications | 20-24 | 272 |
Material used for different types of fomentation | 25-38 | 273 |
Enumeration of thirteen types of fomentation therapy | 39-40 | 276 |
Sankara svada | 41 | 276 |
Prastara Sveda | 42 | 276 |
Nadi sveda | 43 | 277 |
Pariseka sveda | 44 | 278 |
Avagaha sveda | 45 | 278 |
Jentaka sveda | 46 | 278 |
Asmaghana sveda | 47-50 | 280 |
Karsu sveda | 50-51 | 281 |
Kuti sveda | 52-54 | 281 |
Bhu sveda | 55 | 282 |
Kumbhi sveda | 56-58 | 282 |
Kupa sveda | 59-60 | 282 |
Holaka sveda | 61-63 | 283 |
Other devices which work like fomentation therapy | 64-65 | 283 |
Classification of fomentation therapy | 65-66 | 284 |
Management before and after fomentation therapy | 67 | 284 |
Summary | 68-70 | 284 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 286 |
A dialogue on the need for the storage of medicine | 3-5 | 286 |
Hospital building | 6 | 288 |
Attendants and other requirements for a hospital | 7 | 289 |
Preparatory treatment | 8-9 | 291 |
Administration of the therapy | 10-12 | 292 |
Signs of proper and improper administration of Emetic therapy | 13 | 294 |
After-care | 14-15 | 295 |
Diet | 16 | 296 |
Purgation therapy | 17 | 297 |
Management of rich and poor patients | 18-21 | 298 |
Effects of elimination therapy | 22 | 298 |
Summary | 23-25 | 299 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 300 |
Need for a qualified physician | 3-4 | 300 |
Signs of proper and improper purgation | 5-10 | 301 |
Complications of over-emesis | 11-12 | 302 |
Indications for elimination therapy | 13-16 | 302 |
Effects of elimination therapy | 17-21 | 303 |
Restorative measures | 22-23 | 304 |
Management of cases where therapy was not properly administered | 24-26 | 304 |
Natural homoeostasis | 27-33 | 305 |
Definition and aim of treatment | 34-38 | 307 |
Summary | 39-41 | 308 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 310 |
Contents of the chapter | 3-7 | 310 |
Etiology of diseases of head | 8-11 | 311 |
Description of head | 12 | 312 |
Diseases of head | 13-29 | 312 |
Diseases of Heart | 23-40 | |
Sixty two permutations and combinations of dosas | 41-61 | 317 |
Characteristic features of vitiated and normal dosas | 62 | 322 |
Signs of vitiated dhatus and malas | 63-72 | 324 |
Ojas | 73-75(i) | 325 |
Causes of emaciation | 76-77 | 326 |
Etiopathology of diabetos mellitus | 78-82 | 328 |
Carbuncles | 83-89 | 328 |
External and internal abscess | 90-100 | 329 |
Prognosis | 101-107 | 330 |
Complications of carbuncles | 108-111 | 332 |
Different courses of dosas | 112-118 | 333 |
Preservation of Health | 19 | 334 |
Summary | 120-121 | 335 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 336 |
Classification of swellings | 3 | 336 |
Etiology of swellings | 4-6 | 336 |
Clinical features | 7-15 | 338 |
Prognosis | 16-17 | 341 |
Complications | 18 | 341 |
Localised swellings | 19-36 | 341 |
Prognostic considerations of diseases in general | 37-41 | 344 |
Innumerability of diseases | 42-43 | 345 |
Correct approach to management of diseases | 44-47 | 345 |
Functions of normal and abnormal dosas | 48-53 | 346 |
Summary | 54-56 | 348 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 349 |
Number of the various types of diseases | 3 | 349 |
Enumeration of the types of various diseases | 4 | 350 |
Role of dosas in etio-pathogenesis of diseases | 5-6 | 356 |
Exogenous and endogenous diseases | 7 | 358 |
Summary | 8-9 | 358 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 360 |
General classification of diseases | 3 | 360 |
Etilogical factors | 4-6 | 361 |
Role of dosas | 7 | 361 |
Location of dosas | 8 | 361 |
Types of diseases | 9-10 | 362 |
Eighty diseases caused by vita | 11-13 | 363 |
Forty diseases caused by pitta | 14-16 | 367 |
Twenty diseases caused by kapha | 17-19 | 370 |
Importance of diagnosis in treatment | 20-22 | 372 |
Summary | 23-25 | 372 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 374 |
Eight undesirable constitutions | 3 | 374 |
Etio-pathology of obesity | 4-10 | 374 |
Etio-pathology and clinical features of emaciation | 10-15 | 376 |
Corpulence vis a vis emaciation | 16-17 | 377 |
Importance of good built | 18-19 | 377 |
Management of obesity and emaciation | 20-34 | 378 |
Physiology of sleep | 35 | 381 |
Effect of sleep | 36-38 | 381 |
Indications and contra-indications for day sleep | 39-49 | 382 |
Effect of night awakening | 50 | 384 |
Role of sleep in obesity | 51 | 384 |
Measures to induce sleep | 52-54 | 384 |
Causes of insomnia | 55-57 | 385 |
Type of sleep | 58-59 | 385 |
Summary | 60-62 | 386 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 387 |
Dialogue regarding reducing and Nourishing therapies | 3-8 | 387 |
Definition and pharmacology of six therapies | 9-17 | 388 |
Ten types of langhana therapy | 18-24 | 389 |
Definition and indications for these therapies | 25-43 | 391 |
Summary | 44 | 394 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 395 |
Disadvantages of taking ecessive nourishing diet and their management | 3-26 | 395 |
Diseases caused by improper use of emaciating regimen and their management | 26-38 | 399 |
Recipe for nourishing therapy | 39 | 401 |
Summary | 40 | 401 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 403 |
Factors responsible for normal haemopoiesis | 3 | 403 |
Function of normal blood | 4 | 403 |
Causes of vitiation of blood | 5-10 | 403 |
Diseases caused by vitiated blood | 11-17 | 404 |
Principles of treatment for the diseases of blood | 18 | 406 |
Care during blood-letting | 19 | 406 |
Features of vitiated blood | 20-21 | 406 |
Features o pure blood | 22 | 407 |
Diet after blood-letting | 23 | 407 |
Features of men having normal blood | 24 | 407 |
Pathogenesis of psychic disorders | 25-29 | 408 |
Signs of Murcha | 30-34 | 408 |
Signs of Murcha | 35-41 | 409 |
Differential diagnosis and treatment of coma | 42-53 | 410 |
Management of Mada and Kurcha | 54-58 | 412 |
Summary | 59-60 | 413 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 414 |
Seminar on Purusa and diseases | 3-25 | 414 |
Punarvasu Atreya's concluding remarks | 26-29 | 418 |
Dialogue on diet | 30-37 | 419 |
Most wholesome and unwholesome dietetic articles | 38-39 | 422 |
Most important drugs and regimen | 40-47 | 425 |
Alcoholic preparations | 48-50 | 439 |
Summary | 51 | 444 |
|
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|
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Introduction | 1-2 | 445 |
Participants in the seminar on dietatics | 3-7 | 445 |
Views on rasas (tastes) | 8 | 446 |
Concluding remarks by Chairman | 9 | 448 |
Classification of matter | 10 | 451 |
Physical properties of pancamahabhutas | 11 | 452 |
Therapeutic utility of all matter | 12 | 453 |
Pharmacodynamics of drugs | 13 | 453 |
Sixty three types of rasas | 14-27 | 454 |
Rasa and anurasa | 28 | 459 |
Attributes of drugs | 29-37 | 439 |
Pancamahabhautika origin of rasa | 38-41 | 462 |
Action of drugs having different tastes | 42-57 | 465 |
Vipaka | 57-63 | 473 |
Virya | 64-66 | 476 |
Prabhava | 67-73 | 477 |
Characteristics of six tastes | 73-79 | 480 |
Dialogue on unwholesome diet | 80-106 | 481 |
Summary | 107-113 | 488 |
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|
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Introduction | 1-2 | 490 |
Importance of wholesome food | 3 | 490 |
Action of various types of food | 4 | 491 |
Classification of food articles | 5-7 | 493 |
Sukadhanya (corns with bristles) | 8-22 | 493 |
Pulses | 23-34 | 497 |
Meat of animals | 35-88 | 499 |
Vegetables | 88-124 | 509 |
Fruits | 125-165 | 515 |
Harita (Plants used in salad form) | 166-177 | 522 |
Alcoholic drinks | 178-195 | 524 |
Different types of water | 196-216 | 527 |
Milk and milk products | 217-236 | 533 |
Sugar cane and its products | 237-242 | 538 |
Honey | 243-249 | 510 |
Food preparations | 250-285 | 542 |
Adjuvants of food | 286-308 | 550 |
Choice of grains | 309-310 | 555 |
Choice of meat | 311-312 | 555 |
Meat soup and its qualities | 312-315 | 556 |
Unwholesome vegetable preparations | 316-318 | 556 |
Drinks | 319-328 | 557 |
Reason for brevity | 329-330 | 559 |
Factors determing the qualities of dietetic articles | 331-344 | 560 |
Food-intake, a form of yajna | 345-351 | 564 |
Summary | 351-352 | 565 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 566 |
Primary function of food | 3 | 566 |
Digestion and nourishment | 4-5 | 567 |
Dialogue on wholesomeness of food and diseases | 6-7 | 573 |
Diseases caused by the vitiation of dhatus etc., | 8-22 | 575 |
Management of diseases caused by improper food | 23-30 | 578 |
Latent disease | 31-33 | 580 |
Wholesome regimen | 34-44 | 581 |
Summary | 45-48 | 583 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 585 |
Ten repositories of life | 3-4 | 585 |
Types of physician | 5 | 585 |
Qualities of a good physician | 6-7 | 586 |
Characteristics of a bad physician | 8-13 | 589 |
Summary | 14 | 591 |
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|
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Introduction | 1-2 | 592 |
Synonyms and importance of heart | 3-6 | 592 |
Heart, the seat of ojas | 6-14 | 593 |
Best of the regimens | 15 | 596 |
Proper study of Ayurveda | 16-15 | 597 |
Debatable points on various aspects of Ayurveda | 20 | 597 |
Source of Ayurveda | 21 | 598 |
Definition of Ayus | 22 | 598 |
Definition of Ayurveda | 23 | 599 |
Different aspects of life | 24 | 599 |
Determination of the span of life | 25 | 600 |
Objects of Ayurveda | 26 | 600 |
Eternity of Ayurveda | 27 | 601 |
Eight disciplines of Ayurveda | 28 | 603 |
Eligibility for the study of Ayurveda | 29 | 603 |
Examination of physicians | 30 | 604 |
Synonyms & scope of Ayurvedic text | 31-32 | 604 |
Sections of the text | 33-34 | 605 |
Scope of each section | 35 | 606 |
Enumeration of chapters in various sthanas | 36-68 | 606 |
Query and its scope | 69-71 | 614 |
Utility of debates | 72-85 | 615 |
Summary | 86-89 | 618 |
From the Jacket
The Caraka Samhita stands at the top of the ancient texts representing the School of Medicine in Ayurveda founded by the great Scholar-Sage Punarvasu Atreya. Its value is further enhanced by the fact that it is the only text available in complete form where-as other contemporary Samhitas such as of Jatukarna, temporary Samhitas such as of Jatukarna, Parasara etc. perished, that of Bhela is incomplete and that of Harita is dragged into controversy. Thus any scholar desirous to know about the fundamentals of Ayurveda and its approach to life, health and disease has essentially to take resort to the study of this text unique in depth and divergence. It is rightly said, "whatever is not here can not be found anywhere else."
Historically too, it is quite interesting, Like an archaeological edifice. If it is dug into one would come across three distinct strate of authorship ascribed to Agnivesa, Caraka and Drdhabala in successive order.
And Translation This immensely valuable text needed since long a faithful and simple translation into English communicating the ideas as they are without divulging into dogmatic details which make the situation terse particularly for a young scholar. This comes from the pen of two erudite scholars of Ayurveda who has devoted the major part of the life in studying the text intensively from various angles and has command over both the languages concerned.
Thus the present work is a definite improvement in that its easy narrative style permits a Scholar not acquainted with Sanskrit syntax to grasp the various concepts of Ayurveda. Moreover, the present translation represents the first attempt of its kind to express in English the Ayurveda Dipika commentary by Cakrapanidatta, which sheds light after light on the text.
Vaidya Bhagwan Dash
Alongside what can be termed official medical science, the search for new drugs, and all the activity connected with the discovery of nature's secrets there exists a vast body of knowledge which stretches back into the ancient realms of time.
People without number throughout the world are fascinated by, and drawn to the world of alternative medicine which is receiving evermore recognition and appreciation in view of the use of the elements which our mother earth offers.
Vaidya Bhagwan Dash, former deputy adviser on Ayurveda to the Indian Ministry of Health, is a leading expert in a field which brings together ancient traditions and innovation in an attempt to meet the enormous needs of a country such as India.
On the sound basis of his medical training and research, Dash has furthered his studies, and as a recognised authority in Ayurveda has taken his knowledge and caring beyond his country.
He can look back on a long career in medicine and public service and among the many appointments he has held figures that of Director of the Yoga Research Institute in New Delhi.
The Pie Manzu Centre intends recognizing the contribution which Vaidya Bhagwan Dash has made to the health and well-being of mankind by awarding him the medal of the Presidency of the Italian Senate.
About the Author
Dr. Ram Karan Sharma (born March 20, 1927 at Shivapur, Saran, Bihar) was initiated to Vedic and allied studies (including Ayurveda) on traditional lines by Pandit Ambikadatta Sharma at Lokamanya Brahmacaryasrama, Muzaffarpur. As a full bright scholar, he worked with Prof. M. B. Emeneau at the University of California, Berkeley, U. S. A. College Muzaffarpur and Dr. Ishvara Datta (Patna College) affiliated to Patna University.
He was founder Director, Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan; vice Chancellor, Sampurnanand and Sanskrit University and Kameshvara Singh Darbhanga Sanskrit University; Joint Educational Adviser, Govt. of India; Visiting of Bihar. Presently he is the President of International Association of Sanskrit Studies. Areas of his special interest are: Panini, Mahabharata, Darsana, Kavya and Ayurveda. More than one hundred research papers and about a dozen major publications he has authored. His creative writings include Sandhya (Poetry), a recipient of Sahitya Akademi award and Sima (Novel) a recipient of Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad award.
Vaidya Bhagwan Dash (born Oct. 1934 in Parbatipur, Orissa) has had an outstandingly brilliant academic career. In addition to graduate and postgraduate qualifications in Ayurveda, he holds a Master's degree in Sanskrit and a Doctorate from University of Delhi.
In the course of over forty years dedicated to research and practice of Ayurveda, Dr. Dash has attended several international conferences and seminars held in Brazil, Mexico, Italy and France. He was invited to deliver a course of lectures in Ayurveda at the Patrice Lumumba Friendship University, Moscow and the Australia School of Ayurveda at Adelaide, South Australia.
A Sanskrit scholar, he handles the English Language with equal felicity. A significant advantage to his propensity for research in Ayurveda is Dr. Dash's proficiency in Tibetan Medicine.
Author of over sixty important publications covering different aspects of Ayurveda and Tibetan Medicine, he is recipient of several prestigious awards including a Gold Medal from the Presidency of Italian Senate for outstanding services he has made to the health and well-being of mankind.
He was deputy Adviser in Adviser in Ayurveda to the Government of India in the Ministry of Health and F. W. till 1981, when he took voluntary retirement to enable him to devote more time for academic and research activities. As a Consultant in Traditional Medicine of the World Health Organisation, he had paid several visits to Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma and Mongolia to study and advise on the Health Development Programmes of those countries.
The Caraka-samahita is famous as one of the remarkable accomplishments of ancient Indian science. Its large Sutra- sthana, as a thesaurus of the basic elements of Ayurveda practice, including the intellectual preparation of the physician besides the principles of medicine, is itself an arduous task for transla- tors. While two English translations of the Caraka are presently available, they are too literal, almost requiring that the original Sanskrit be read along with the translation in order to garner the meaning. I am happy to report that the present work, the result of unremitting and sensitive labors by Dr. R. K Sharma and Mr. Bhagwan Dash, is a definite improvement in that its easy narrative style permits a scholar not acquainted with San- skrit syntax to grasp the various concepts of Ayurveda. Moreover, the present translation is the first one to express in English the Ayurveda Dipika commentary by Cakrapani Datta, which sheds light after light on the Caraka.
I believe that the translators are quite justified in leaving un translated certain terms, notably the triad of vata, pitta, and kapha, and certain names for diseases that stand for clusters of diseases rather than for particular well-defined ones Altogether, this translation, consummated as it is on a high level of learning and intelligence, should help the Caraka to assume its justified role in modern-day Ayurveda; and at the very least enhance the admiration due to this great classic in the Eastern and Western worlds.
I suppose that, in asking me to write a foreword to Dr. Bhagwan Dash's excellent rendering of Caraka Samhita and Ayurveda Dipika of Cakrapani Datta in English, the intention of the publisher is to introduce the young author to the world of Ayurveda, which I have been in contact with much longer, haying entered the field much earlier. The second possible ob- jective is to make available to the prospective reader of the book my assessment of the practical and academic worth of the author's work.
Dr. Bhagwan Dash's current reputation in the field of Ayurvedic scholarship, research and administration is flattering enough to render unnecessary anv fresh evaluation thereof by me. He has risen, like good Generals in Defence services, from the ranks. It has been my privilege and pleasure to see him leave milestone after milestone behind him in his onward march to success in different fields of Ayurvedic activities, both academic and administrative. And the best fruits of his multi-dimensional intellectual labour are to be found in his present interpretation of Caraka Samhita, a work which, in its own right, ranks as the greatest legacy the Seers of ancient India have bequeathed to the sciences of life.
Again, the Ayurveda Dipika of Cakrapani Datta is gener- ally accepted as.the most authentic commentary on the text of Caraka Samhita. This book will probably be the first to offer a standard English translation of Cakrapani's important work to those having no direct access to the Sanskrit language.
I, therefore, attach considerable importance to this publi- cation which is going to remove a great lacuna from the existing Ayurvedic literature available in the English language. Those who wish to undertake an intimate and advanced study of Caraka Samhita and, to an extent, even of Ayurveda as a whole, and are not equipped with an adequate knowledge of Sanskrit to study the originals by themselves, will find it profitable, per- haps even indispensable, to make a serious study of the contents of this treatise. The translations of the Samhita and the commen- tary make an interesting reading. Here and there, the author brings a touch of modernity to the ancient text. He describes the assembly of the Rsis in the Caitraratha forest as a " sympo- sium" "and the Rsis themselves as "participants in this sympo- sium". Punarvasu's expression of views at the end of a discussion is captioned as " The Concluding Remarks of the Chairman- Lord Punarvasu". He has almost bodily lifted the assembly from the beautiful Caitraratha forest and deposited it in a committee room of a modern institution.
Yet the translation remains faithful to the text. The great teacher is referred to as "Lord" Punarvasu only, and not as " His Holiness" or " His Excellency" Punarvasu. The word" Lord" is not an inapt translation of the word" Bhagavan". Therein lies the chief merit of the author's interpretation-there is no de- parture from the true sense of the original text. I consider it a creditable achievement. It is particularly so when the text he has handled is as important and as extensive as that of Caraka Samhita and Ayurveda Dipika. I believe the readers will find the study of this book rewarding and satisfying.
Introduction by Alex Wayman | iii | |
Foreward by Pandit Shiv Sharma | v | |
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Verse Nos. |
Page No. |
|
Introduction | 1-2 | 1 |
Bharadvaja's approach to Indra for study of Ayurveda | 3 | 12 |
Chronology of the Propounders of Ayurveda | 4-5 | 15 |
Assembly of sages | 6-15 | 16 |
Meditation in search of the Teacher | 15-18 | 19 |
Teaching of Ayurveda by Indra to Bharadvaja | 18-23 | 20 |
Three cardinal principles of Ayurveda to Sages | 24 | 21 |
Bharadvaja's teaching of Ayurveda to Sages | 25-29 | 21 |
Six disciples of Atreya | 30-31 | 23 |
Composition of medical texts | 32-40 | 23 |
Definition of Ayurveda | 41 | 25 |
Definition and synonyms of Ayus (life) | 42 | 25 |
Excellence of Ayurveda | 43 | 26 |
Definition of Samanya (generic concomitance) and visesa (variant factor) | 44-45 | 26 |
Scope of Ayurveda | 46-47 | 32 |
Enumeration and classification of dravya (matter) | 48 | 33 |
Enumeration of gunas (qualities) and karmans (actions) | 49 | 35 |
Definition of Samavaya (Inseparable concomitance) | 50 | 36 |
Definition of dravya (matter) | 51 | 37 |
Definition of Guna (quality) | 51 | 37 |
Definition of karman (action) | 52 | 38 |
Object of Ayurveda | 53 | 39 |
Enumeration of the causes of diseases | 54 | 39 |
Two types of substrata of diseases and the factor responsible for maintaining positive health | 55 | 40 |
Definition of Atman (soul) | 56 | 41 |
Enumeration of three dosas (pathogenic factors) of the body and two dosas of the mind | 57 | 41 |
Factors responsible for the alleviation of dosas (pathogenic factors) | 58 | 43 |
Qualities of vayu, patta and slesman and factors responsible for their alleviation | 59-61 | 43 |
Means of alleviating diseases | 62-63 | 44 |
Definition of rasa (taste) and factors responsible for its manifestation | 64 | 45 |
Enumeration of rasas | 63 | 46 |
Rasas which alleviate different dosas | 66 | 46 |
Classification of dravyas (matter) on the basis of their prabhava (specific action) | 67 | 47 |
Classification of dravyas (matter) depending upon the source of origin and their enumeration | 68-74 | 49 |
Enumeration of dravyas (matter) having therapeutic excellence | 74-76 | 50 |
Names and actions of sixteen drugs whose fruits are used in medicine | 77-80 | 51 |
Name and actions of nineteen drugs whose fruits are used in medicine | 80-86 | 51 |
Enumeration of four snahas (fats) | 86-88 | 53 |
Enumeration of five types of lavanas (salt) and their usage | 88-92 | 53 |
Enumeration of eight types of urine and their usage | 92-105 | 54 |
Enumeration of eight types of milk and their usage | 105-113 | 56 |
Enumeration of three plants whose latex is used in medicine and their usage | 114-115 | 57 |
Enumeration of three plants whose bark is used in medicine and their usage | 116-119 | 58 |
Utility of the knowledge regarding names, morphology and usage of drugs | 120-123 | 58 |
Dangers in ignorance about the names, morphology and usage of drugs | 124-125 | 59 |
Responsibility of the physician | 126-133 | 60 |
Definition of appropriate medicine | 134 | 61 |
Accomplished physician | 135 | 61 |
Summary | 136-140 | 61 |
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(Apamargatanduliya) |
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Introduction | 102 | 63 |
Drugs for sirovirecana (elimination of dosas from the head) | 3-6 | 63 |
Drugs for vamana (emesis) | 7-8 | 64 |
Drugs for virecana (purgation) | 9-10 | 65 |
Drugs for asthapana and anuvasana types of enema | 11-14 | 66 |
Administration of pancakarma (five specialised therapies) | 15 | 67 |
Propriety in administration of drugs | 16 | 68 |
Twenty eight recipae of gruel | 17-33 | 68 |
Summary | 34-36 | 72 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 74 |
Fifteen recipae for the cure of obstinate skin diseases | 3-17 | 74 |
Five recipe for alleviation of vata | 18-20 | 78 |
Three recipae for alleviation of vatarakta (gout) | 21-23 | 79 |
Two recipae for headache | 23-24 | 80 |
Recipe for parsvaruk (pain in the sides of the chest) | 25 | 80 |
Two recipae for alleviation of burning sensation | 26-27 | 80 |
Recipae for alleviation of burning sensation | 28 | 81 |
Recipae for reducing diaphoresis and correcting bad smell of the body | 29 | 81 |
Summary | 30 | 82 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 83 |
Enumeration of the topics of the chapter | 3 | 83 |
Six hundred recipae for purgation including emesis | 4 | 84 |
Six parts of plants used in recipae | 5 | 84 |
Five types of decoction | 6 | 84 |
Five pharmaceutical processes | 7 | 84 |
Fifty groups of important decoctions | 8 | 86 |
Discussion about the number between Agnivesa and Atreya | 21-22 | 102 |
Summary | 23-29 | 103 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 105 |
Eating in proper quantity | 3 | 105 |
Quantity of food and digestion | 4 | 106 |
Quantity of food in relation to quality | 5-7 | 106 |
Intake of food of proper quality | 8-9 | 108 |
Unwholesome food | 10-11 | 109 |
Wholesome food | 12-13 | 109 |
Personal hygiene | 14 | 110 |
Time for the use of collyrium | 15-17 | 111 |
Benefits of the use of collyrium | 18-20 | 112 |
Smoking | 20-27 | 112 |
Benefits of smoking | 27-33 | 114 |
Schedule for smoking | 33-38 | 115 |
Bad effects of improper smoking | 38-39 | 116 |
Treatment of complication | 39-40 | 116 |
Contra-indications for smoking | 41-46 | 117 |
Routes of smoking | 46-49 | 117 |
Size and shape of smoking pipe | 49-52 | 118 |
Signs of proper and improper smoking | 52-56 | 119 |
Use of nasal drops | 56-57 | 119 |
Benefits of the use of nasal drops | 57-63 | 120 |
Anu taila | 63-71 | 120 |
Teeth brushing and tongue scraping | 71-76 | 122 |
Chewing | 76-77 | 123 |
Gargles | 78-80 | 123 |
Use of oil on head | 81-83 | 124 |
Dropping of oil in ears | 84-124 | |
Oil massage | 85-87 | 124 |
Benefits of oil massage and unction | 88-96 | 125 |
Bath | 94 | 126 |
Use of clean dress | 95 | 126 |
Use of Scents | 96 | 126 |
Use of ornaments | 97 | 126 |
Cleaning feet and excretory orifices | 98 | 126 |
Cutting of hair and nails | 99 | 127 |
Use of foot wears | 100 | 127 |
Use of umbrella | 101 | 127 |
Use of walking stick | 102 | 127 |
Vigilance for maintaining the physique | 103 | 127 |
Choice of profession | 104 | 128 |
Summary | 105-111 | 128 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 130 |
Improtance of the knowledge of dietetics | 3 | 130 |
Two Solstics | 4-5 | 130 |
Effects of adana and visarga kalas on body | 6-8 | 132 |
Regimen for winter (hemanta and sisira ) | 9-21 | 135 |
Regimen for spring | 22-26 | 138 |
Regimen for summer | 27-32 | 139 |
Regimen for rainy season | 33-40 | 140 |
Regimen for autumn | 41-48 | 142 |
Satmya (homologation) | 49-50 | 144 |
Summary | 51 | 145 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 146 |
Enumeration of urges | 3-4 | 146 |
Diseases caused by the suppression of urges and their management | 5-25 | 146 |
Urges which should be suppressed | 26-30 | 150 |
Exercise | 31 | 151 |
Good effects of exercise | 32 | 152 |
Bad effects of exercise | 33 | 152 |
Sings of correct exercise | (1) | 152 |
Things which should not be resorted to in excess | 34-35 | 152 |
Contra-indications for exercise | (1-2) | 153 |
Schedule for giving up addictions | 36-38 | 153 |
Prakrti (physical constitution) | 39-40 | 154 |
Regiman for persons of different types of prakrti | 41 | 156 |
Excretory orifices and treatment of their disorders | 42-44 | 156 |
Importance of proper regimen | 45 | 157 |
Regimen for prevention of diseases | 46-50 | 157 |
Extrinsic factors of diseases and their prevention | 51-55 | 159 |
Unsuitable persons for company | 56-57 | 160 |
Suitable persons for company | 58-60 | 161 |
Rules for using curd | 61-62 | 161 |
Summary | 63-66 | 162 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 163 |
Enumeration of topics of the chapter | 3 | 163 |
Mind and its characteristics | 4-7 | 164 |
Five sense faculties | 8 | 166 |
Material constituents of sense organs | 9 | 166 |
Five sense organs | 10 | 167 |
Objects of five sense faculties | 11 | 167 |
Five sense perceptions | 12 | 167 |
Spiritual elements and their actions | 13 | 168 |
Pancabhutas in five sense faculties | 14 | 168 |
Principle of Psycho-pathogenesis | 15-16 | 169 |
Prevention of Psychic disturbances | 17-18 | 170 |
Code of ethics | 19-29 | 173 |
Summary | 30-33 | 181 |
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(Khuddakacatuspada) |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 183 |
Four aspects of therapeutics | 3 | 183 |
Definition of health and ill health | 4 | 184 |
Definition of treatment | 5 | 186 |
Qualities of physician | 6 | 186 |
Qualities of medicament | 7 | 186 |
Qualities of medical-attendant | 8 | 187 |
Qualities of patient | 9 | 187 |
Importance of physician | 10-15 | 187 |
Quack | 15-17 | 188 |
Definition of "a Saviour of life" | 18-23 | 189 |
Duties of a physician | 24-25 | 190 |
Four aspects of medical profession | 26 | 190 |
Summary | 27-28 | 191 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 192 |
Dialogue between Atreya and Maitreya regarding the utility of medicines | 3-6 | 192 |
Importance of prognostic consideration in the management of a patient | 7-8 | 196 |
Classification of disease according to prognosis | 9-10 | 196 |
Factors determining good and bad prognosis | 11-20 | 197 |
Importance of thorough examination | 21-22 | 200 |
Summary | 23-24 | 200 |
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|
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Introduction | 1-2 | 201 |
Three basic desires | 3 | 202 |
Desire for longevity | 4 | 203 |
Desire for wealth | 5 | 203 |
Desire for happiness in future life | 6 | 204 |
Life after death | 7-16 | 205 |
Four-fold means of correct knowledge | 17-26 | 210 |
Proofs of rebirth | 27-33 | 215 |
Seven Triads | 34 | 219 |
Three supports of life | 35 | 219 |
Three types of strength | 36 | 220 |
Three groups of etiological factors | 37-44 | 221 |
Classification of disease | 45-47 | 226 |
Three courses of the disease | 48-49 | 228 |
Three types of physicians | 50-53 | 230 |
Three types of therapies | 54-63 | 230 |
Summary | 64-65 | 233 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 234 |
Symposium on Vata | 3 | 234 |
Qualities of Vata | 4 | 235 |
Causes of aggravation and alleviation of vata | 5-7 | 235 |
Functions of normal and abnormal vata | 8-10 | 238 |
Functions of normal and abnormal pitta | 11 | 240 |
Functions of normal and abnormal kapha | 12 | 241 |
Presidential remarks by Punarvasu Atreya | 13-15 | 242 |
Summary | 16-17 | 242 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 244 |
Agnivesa's queries about fats | 3-8 | 244 |
Atreya's reply-sources of fats | 9-11 | 246 |
Properties of sesamum and castor oil | 12 | 246 |
Best unctuous substances | 13 | 247 |
Properties of ghee, oil, muscle fat and marrow and their use | 14-19 | 248 |
Complications of untimely administration of fats | 20-21 | 250 |
Anupana | 22 | 251 |
Preparations of fats | 23-25 | 251 |
Administration of pure fat | 26 | 252 |
Enumeration of preparations of fat | 27-28 | 252 |
Dosage | 29-40 | 253 |
Indications for the administration of ghee, oil, muscle fat and bone-marrow | 41-52 | 255 |
Contra-indications | 53-56 | 257 |
Sings of under oleation, proper oleation and over oleation | 57-59 | 258 |
Preparatory therapy | 60-61 | 259 |
Regimens to be followed during oleation therapy | 62-64 | 260 |
Oleation therapy for different types of bowel | 65-69 | 260 |
Complications and their management | 70-79 | 261 |
Post-therapeutic management | 80-81 | 263 |
Fat preparations and their indications | 82-95 | 264 |
Simple | 96-97 | 266 |
Salt in oleation therapy | 98 | 267 |
Routine of administration of pancakarma therapy | 99 | 267 |
Summary | 100 | 267 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 268 |
Effects of fomentation therapy | 3-5 | 268 |
Factors responsible for effectiveness of the therapy | 6-9 | 268 |
Fomentation over testicles, heart an eyes | 10-12 | 270 |
Sings of proper fomentation and over fomentation | 13-15 | 270 |
Contra indications | 16-19 | 271 |
Indications | 20-24 | 272 |
Material used for different types of fomentation | 25-38 | 273 |
Enumeration of thirteen types of fomentation therapy | 39-40 | 276 |
Sankara svada | 41 | 276 |
Prastara Sveda | 42 | 276 |
Nadi sveda | 43 | 277 |
Pariseka sveda | 44 | 278 |
Avagaha sveda | 45 | 278 |
Jentaka sveda | 46 | 278 |
Asmaghana sveda | 47-50 | 280 |
Karsu sveda | 50-51 | 281 |
Kuti sveda | 52-54 | 281 |
Bhu sveda | 55 | 282 |
Kumbhi sveda | 56-58 | 282 |
Kupa sveda | 59-60 | 282 |
Holaka sveda | 61-63 | 283 |
Other devices which work like fomentation therapy | 64-65 | 283 |
Classification of fomentation therapy | 65-66 | 284 |
Management before and after fomentation therapy | 67 | 284 |
Summary | 68-70 | 284 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 286 |
A dialogue on the need for the storage of medicine | 3-5 | 286 |
Hospital building | 6 | 288 |
Attendants and other requirements for a hospital | 7 | 289 |
Preparatory treatment | 8-9 | 291 |
Administration of the therapy | 10-12 | 292 |
Signs of proper and improper administration of Emetic therapy | 13 | 294 |
After-care | 14-15 | 295 |
Diet | 16 | 296 |
Purgation therapy | 17 | 297 |
Management of rich and poor patients | 18-21 | 298 |
Effects of elimination therapy | 22 | 298 |
Summary | 23-25 | 299 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 300 |
Need for a qualified physician | 3-4 | 300 |
Signs of proper and improper purgation | 5-10 | 301 |
Complications of over-emesis | 11-12 | 302 |
Indications for elimination therapy | 13-16 | 302 |
Effects of elimination therapy | 17-21 | 303 |
Restorative measures | 22-23 | 304 |
Management of cases where therapy was not properly administered | 24-26 | 304 |
Natural homoeostasis | 27-33 | 305 |
Definition and aim of treatment | 34-38 | 307 |
Summary | 39-41 | 308 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 310 |
Contents of the chapter | 3-7 | 310 |
Etiology of diseases of head | 8-11 | 311 |
Description of head | 12 | 312 |
Diseases of head | 13-29 | 312 |
Diseases of Heart | 23-40 | |
Sixty two permutations and combinations of dosas | 41-61 | 317 |
Characteristic features of vitiated and normal dosas | 62 | 322 |
Signs of vitiated dhatus and malas | 63-72 | 324 |
Ojas | 73-75(i) | 325 |
Causes of emaciation | 76-77 | 326 |
Etiopathology of diabetos mellitus | 78-82 | 328 |
Carbuncles | 83-89 | 328 |
External and internal abscess | 90-100 | 329 |
Prognosis | 101-107 | 330 |
Complications of carbuncles | 108-111 | 332 |
Different courses of dosas | 112-118 | 333 |
Preservation of Health | 19 | 334 |
Summary | 120-121 | 335 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 336 |
Classification of swellings | 3 | 336 |
Etiology of swellings | 4-6 | 336 |
Clinical features | 7-15 | 338 |
Prognosis | 16-17 | 341 |
Complications | 18 | 341 |
Localised swellings | 19-36 | 341 |
Prognostic considerations of diseases in general | 37-41 | 344 |
Innumerability of diseases | 42-43 | 345 |
Correct approach to management of diseases | 44-47 | 345 |
Functions of normal and abnormal dosas | 48-53 | 346 |
Summary | 54-56 | 348 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 349 |
Number of the various types of diseases | 3 | 349 |
Enumeration of the types of various diseases | 4 | 350 |
Role of dosas in etio-pathogenesis of diseases | 5-6 | 356 |
Exogenous and endogenous diseases | 7 | 358 |
Summary | 8-9 | 358 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 360 |
General classification of diseases | 3 | 360 |
Etilogical factors | 4-6 | 361 |
Role of dosas | 7 | 361 |
Location of dosas | 8 | 361 |
Types of diseases | 9-10 | 362 |
Eighty diseases caused by vita | 11-13 | 363 |
Forty diseases caused by pitta | 14-16 | 367 |
Twenty diseases caused by kapha | 17-19 | 370 |
Importance of diagnosis in treatment | 20-22 | 372 |
Summary | 23-25 | 372 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 374 |
Eight undesirable constitutions | 3 | 374 |
Etio-pathology of obesity | 4-10 | 374 |
Etio-pathology and clinical features of emaciation | 10-15 | 376 |
Corpulence vis a vis emaciation | 16-17 | 377 |
Importance of good built | 18-19 | 377 |
Management of obesity and emaciation | 20-34 | 378 |
Physiology of sleep | 35 | 381 |
Effect of sleep | 36-38 | 381 |
Indications and contra-indications for day sleep | 39-49 | 382 |
Effect of night awakening | 50 | 384 |
Role of sleep in obesity | 51 | 384 |
Measures to induce sleep | 52-54 | 384 |
Causes of insomnia | 55-57 | 385 |
Type of sleep | 58-59 | 385 |
Summary | 60-62 | 386 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 387 |
Dialogue regarding reducing and Nourishing therapies | 3-8 | 387 |
Definition and pharmacology of six therapies | 9-17 | 388 |
Ten types of langhana therapy | 18-24 | 389 |
Definition and indications for these therapies | 25-43 | 391 |
Summary | 44 | 394 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 395 |
Disadvantages of taking ecessive nourishing diet and their management | 3-26 | 395 |
Diseases caused by improper use of emaciating regimen and their management | 26-38 | 399 |
Recipe for nourishing therapy | 39 | 401 |
Summary | 40 | 401 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 403 |
Factors responsible for normal haemopoiesis | 3 | 403 |
Function of normal blood | 4 | 403 |
Causes of vitiation of blood | 5-10 | 403 |
Diseases caused by vitiated blood | 11-17 | 404 |
Principles of treatment for the diseases of blood | 18 | 406 |
Care during blood-letting | 19 | 406 |
Features of vitiated blood | 20-21 | 406 |
Features o pure blood | 22 | 407 |
Diet after blood-letting | 23 | 407 |
Features of men having normal blood | 24 | 407 |
Pathogenesis of psychic disorders | 25-29 | 408 |
Signs of Murcha | 30-34 | 408 |
Signs of Murcha | 35-41 | 409 |
Differential diagnosis and treatment of coma | 42-53 | 410 |
Management of Mada and Kurcha | 54-58 | 412 |
Summary | 59-60 | 413 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 414 |
Seminar on Purusa and diseases | 3-25 | 414 |
Punarvasu Atreya's concluding remarks | 26-29 | 418 |
Dialogue on diet | 30-37 | 419 |
Most wholesome and unwholesome dietetic articles | 38-39 | 422 |
Most important drugs and regimen | 40-47 | 425 |
Alcoholic preparations | 48-50 | 439 |
Summary | 51 | 444 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 445 |
Participants in the seminar on dietatics | 3-7 | 445 |
Views on rasas (tastes) | 8 | 446 |
Concluding remarks by Chairman | 9 | 448 |
Classification of matter | 10 | 451 |
Physical properties of pancamahabhutas | 11 | 452 |
Therapeutic utility of all matter | 12 | 453 |
Pharmacodynamics of drugs | 13 | 453 |
Sixty three types of rasas | 14-27 | 454 |
Rasa and anurasa | 28 | 459 |
Attributes of drugs | 29-37 | 439 |
Pancamahabhautika origin of rasa | 38-41 | 462 |
Action of drugs having different tastes | 42-57 | 465 |
Vipaka | 57-63 | 473 |
Virya | 64-66 | 476 |
Prabhava | 67-73 | 477 |
Characteristics of six tastes | 73-79 | 480 |
Dialogue on unwholesome diet | 80-106 | 481 |
Summary | 107-113 | 488 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 490 |
Importance of wholesome food | 3 | 490 |
Action of various types of food | 4 | 491 |
Classification of food articles | 5-7 | 493 |
Sukadhanya (corns with bristles) | 8-22 | 493 |
Pulses | 23-34 | 497 |
Meat of animals | 35-88 | 499 |
Vegetables | 88-124 | 509 |
Fruits | 125-165 | 515 |
Harita (Plants used in salad form) | 166-177 | 522 |
Alcoholic drinks | 178-195 | 524 |
Different types of water | 196-216 | 527 |
Milk and milk products | 217-236 | 533 |
Sugar cane and its products | 237-242 | 538 |
Honey | 243-249 | 510 |
Food preparations | 250-285 | 542 |
Adjuvants of food | 286-308 | 550 |
Choice of grains | 309-310 | 555 |
Choice of meat | 311-312 | 555 |
Meat soup and its qualities | 312-315 | 556 |
Unwholesome vegetable preparations | 316-318 | 556 |
Drinks | 319-328 | 557 |
Reason for brevity | 329-330 | 559 |
Factors determing the qualities of dietetic articles | 331-344 | 560 |
Food-intake, a form of yajna | 345-351 | 564 |
Summary | 351-352 | 565 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 566 |
Primary function of food | 3 | 566 |
Digestion and nourishment | 4-5 | 567 |
Dialogue on wholesomeness of food and diseases | 6-7 | 573 |
Diseases caused by the vitiation of dhatus etc., | 8-22 | 575 |
Management of diseases caused by improper food | 23-30 | 578 |
Latent disease | 31-33 | 580 |
Wholesome regimen | 34-44 | 581 |
Summary | 45-48 | 583 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 585 |
Ten repositories of life | 3-4 | 585 |
Types of physician | 5 | 585 |
Qualities of a good physician | 6-7 | 586 |
Characteristics of a bad physician | 8-13 | 589 |
Summary | 14 | 591 |
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Introduction | 1-2 | 592 |
Synonyms and importance of heart | 3-6 | 592 |
Heart, the seat of ojas | 6-14 | 593 |
Best of the regimens | 15 | 596 |
Proper study of Ayurveda | 16-15 | 597 |
Debatable points on various aspects of Ayurveda | 20 | 597 |
Source of Ayurveda | 21 | 598 |
Definition of Ayus | 22 | 598 |
Definition of Ayurveda | 23 | 599 |
Different aspects of life | 24 | 599 |
Determination of the span of life | 25 | 600 |
Objects of Ayurveda | 26 | 600 |
Eternity of Ayurveda | 27 | 601 |
Eight disciplines of Ayurveda | 28 | 603 |
Eligibility for the study of Ayurveda | 29 | 603 |
Examination of physicians | 30 | 604 |
Synonyms & scope of Ayurvedic text | 31-32 | 604 |
Sections of the text | 33-34 | 605 |
Scope of each section | 35 | 606 |
Enumeration of chapters in various sthanas | 36-68 | 606 |
Query and its scope | 69-71 | 614 |
Utility of debates | 72-85 | 615 |
Summary | 86-89 | 618 |