Rajasthan has a long and glorious past. Events of history are evidenced in the form of ancient monuments and archaeological sites spread through the length and breadth of the entire state.
The present volume - an outcome of field studies carried out for several years by the author and his team of expert associates-is a comprehensive and composite study of monuments and archaeological sites of Rajasthan. The information, not limited to any particular type or period, covers a variety of monuments including massive forts, temples, tombs, inscriptions, palaces, havelies, step-wells, pillars, mosques, caves, tanks, etc.
This book also contains fresh data on the archaeological sites dating back to the Bronze Age. Among these special mention may be made of Ojiyana, an Ahar culture site located in the Aravalli mountains. Results of the excavations carried out by the author has thrown fresh light on the protohistoric archaeology of Rajasthan.
The book contains two parts. Part I deals with centrally protected monuments and sites and Part II contains monuments protected by the State Government, monuments with erstwhile rulers, monuments under trusts and in private ownership. It is indeed an appreciable attempt to provide authentic information on such diverse monuments and sites of Rajasthan in a single volume.
Written lucidly, this strikingly illustrated volume is valuable for researchers, scholars, students, general interest readers and tourists alike.
B. R. Meena was born on 5th June 1949 at Udaipurwati, District Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan). He took his Master’s degree in History from University of Rajasthan, Jaipur in 1974. He was appointed lecturer of History in Maharani Sri Jaya College, Bharatpur and subsequently joined the Archaeological Survey of India in 1976.
Shri Meena has participated in archaeological excavations at Mathura; Sringaverpur and Bhardwaj-Ashram, District Allahabad (U.P.); Pariar, District Unnao; Hulas, District Saharanpur; Ayodhya, District Faizabad and Ramapuram, District Kurnool (A.P.). He has carried out conservation of ancient monuments of national importance in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Rajasthan.
Being son of the soil, he is greatly fascinated with the panoramic cultural assemblage of Rajasthan. He has conducted excavations at early historical site Lachhura and an Ahar culture site Ojiyana in district Bhilwara (Rajasthan). The excavation carried out by him at Ojiyana, during 2001-01, has unearthed outstanding findings/antiquities which has brought to light some of the unknown aspects of Indian history.
Shri Meena is an archaeologist, conservator and museologist of repute. He has served as Superintending Archaeologist in different Circle. Presently, he is working as Superintending Archaeologist, Building Survey Project at New Delhi.
Foreword
Rajasthan has a long and glorious past. Events of history are evidenced in the form of ancient monuments and archaeological sites spread through the length and breadth of the entire state. I am delighted to write this foreword to Heritage of Rajasthan (Monuments and Archaeological Sites) by Shri B.R. Meena. Rajasthan has been my area of activities and I have visited most of these monuments and have studied rich cultural heritage of this part of the country during the past fifty years.
Sri B.R. Meena has put together valuable information in this book. As the head of the Jaipur Circle of the Archaeological Survey of India, he visited these monuments and sites and carried out in depth study. His practical knowledge is reflected in the information presented in this monograph.
Information of the cultural heritage, compiled inn two parts, is the outcome of field studies carried out for several years by the author and his team of expert associates. The information, not limited to any particular type or period, covers a variety of monuments including massive forts, temples, tombs, inscriptions, palaces, havelies, step-wells, pillars, mosques, caves, tanks, etc.
This book also contains fresh data on the archaeological sites dating back to the Bronze Age. Among these, special mention may be made of Ojiyana, an Ahar culture site located in the Aravalli mountains. This site discovered by me several decades back was excavated by Shri B. R. Meena in association with his colleague, Dr. Alok Tripathi. Result of the excavation carried out by Shri Meena at Ojiyana has thrown fresh light on the protohistoric archaeology of Rajasthan. First hand information about this site given in the book enhances the importance of this publication.
The monuments discussed in this book include - protected monuments of national importance monuments protected by the State Government, monuments with erstwhile rulers, monuments under trusts and in private ownership. It is an appreciable attempt to provide authentic information on such diverse monuments and sites of Rajasthan in a single volume.
All this data in simple language makes this volume useful for researchers, scholars, students and tourists alike. Author Sri B.R. Meena deserves sincere appreciation for his comprehensive and composite study of ancient monuments and archaeological sites of Rajasthan and bringing out this rich heritage through this monograph for the benefit of every knowledge seekers.
Preface
This monograph is a result of my study of Rajasthan and its cultural wealth right from my student days. Being son of the soil, I have been greatly fascinated with the panoramic cultural assemblage of Rajasthan. After joining the Archaeological Survey of India, I got the opportunity to study this rich cultural heritage closely - the present book being the outcome.
Heritage can be divided into two logical divisions - national heritage and cultural heritage. In this book, we have taken the cultural aspect, particularly the monuments and archaeological sites of Rajasthan. This book contains two parts. Part I deals with the centrally protected monuments and sites of Rajasthan and Part II deals with the principal monuments and sites under state protection, i.e., Government of Rajasthan, unprotected sites and monuments looked after by trust, personal properties of ex-rulers and important private havelis and chhatris of Mandawa.
I frequently visited the monuments and sites of Rajasthan during my tenure of service in Archaeological Survey of India. In the preparation of this book, I was associated with my persons who have helped me in many ways. I express my hearty gratitude to Shri K.N. Shrivastava, Director General, Archaeological Survey of India and former Director Generals - Prof. B.B. Lal, Shri M.N. Deshpande, Shri J.P. Joshi and ‘Shri M.C. Joshi. The first lesson of archaeology was taught to me by Shri M.C. Joshi during the excavation at Mathura. I am beholden to Shri K.N. Dikshit, former Joint Director General, Archaeological Survey of India, who not only inspired me but encouraged me too during the excavation at Hulas. I express my sincere thanks to Dr. R.S. Bisht and Prof. (Dr.) R.C. Agrawal, former Joint Director Generals of the ASI, who provided several opportunities in my career to work out my dreams. I am also grateful to my colleagues Dr. K.P. Poonacha and Shri A.K. Sinha, who have always inspired me. I am thankful to my elder brother Shri Man Singh Meena, Director (Export Promotion) for his constant valuable guidance and encouragement.
I am grateful to Shri R.C. Agrawala, former Director, State Archaeology, Government of Rajasthan and Prof. R.C. Mishra, Rajasthan University for providing valuable suggestions and guidance to complete the book. I am thankful to Shri Alok Tripathi, the then Deputy Superintending Archaeologist and Shri Sant Lal, Deputy Superintending Archaeological Engineer for their valued co-operation. I am also grateful to Dr. M.L. Sharma, Head, Deptt. of History Government P.G Collage, Kotputli; Shri M.L. Meena, Lecturer in History, Government P.G. College, Neem ka Thana; Shri Rajendra Yadav, Assistant Archaeologist and Smt Ujval Handu who helped me in many ways - general discussions, finalization of text, checking the plans and photographs etc. I am thankful to Shri Fakir Chand, ASA, B.R. Singh and Kanwar Singh, Assistant Archaeoloists, S.K. Apharya, B.B. Dubey, S.C. Gupta, R.P. Mathur, K.L. Saini, Ms. Nalini Sharma and P.C. Bohra of Jaipur Circle and also the staff of Building Survey Project, New Delhi, who have assisted me in various ways from time to time.
I am grateful to Smt. Komal Anand, former Director General, ASI, New Delhi who kindly permitted me to utilize the material and information in the compilation of this book.
My grateful thanks are also due to my wife Mrs. Shushila Meena, sons Pankaj and Mukesh, daughters Anita and Madhu and sons-in-law Mahinder and Rajesh. Without their love and support this work would not have been possible. Last but not the least, I express my thanks to Mr. Vikas Arya of Aryan Books International for bringing out the book in an excellent manner.
Foreword | vii | |
Preface | ix | |
List of Plates | xix | |
List of Figures | xxix | |
Introduction | xxxvii | |
CENTRALLY PROTECTED MONUMENTS AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES OF RAJASTHAN | ||
AJMER DISTRICT | ||
1 | Adhai-Din-ka-Jhonpra, Ajmer | 2 |
2 | Baori on the Ajmet-Jaipur Road, Ajmer | 4 |
3 | Badshahi Haveli, Ajmer | 5 |
4 | Delhi Gate Consisting of One Archway, Ajmer | 6 |
5 | Gateway of Taragarh Hill, Ajmer | 7 |
6 | Marble Pavilions and Balustrade on the Anasagar Bund and the Ruins of the Marble Hammam behind the Anasagar Bund, Ajmer | 8 |
7 | Saheli Bazar Buildings in Daulat Bagh, Ajmer | 10 |
8 | Tombs of Abdulla Khan and his Wife, Ajmer | 11 |
9 | Tomb of Alla-ud-din Khan Known as “Sola Thumba”, Ajmer | 12 |
10 | Tripolia Gate, Ajmer | 14 |
11 | Sarai, Chhatri | 15 |
12 | Kos Minars Erected by Emperor Akbar, Ajmer-Jaipur Road | 16 |
13 | Mahal Badshahi, Pushkar | 18 |
14 | Brahma Temple, Pushkar | 19 |
ALWAR DISTRICT | ||
15 | Ancient Site, Bhangarh | 22 |
16 | Shiva Temple, Neelkanth | 26 |
17 | Lal Masjid, Tijara | 28 |
18 | Ancient Remains, Pandrupol | 30 |
BANSRARA DISTRICT | ||
19 | Shiva Temple and Ruins, Arthuna | 31 |
20 | Ancient Remains, Vithal Deva | 34 |
BARAN DISTRICT | ||
21 | Ruins of Temples, Atu/Ganeshganj | 35 |
22 | Yupa Pillars, Badva | 36 |
23 | Temple of 12th century AD, Baran | 37 |
24 | Ancient Ruins and Structural Remains, Krishnavilas | 35 |
25 | Old Temples, Statues and Inscriptions, Shergarh | 41 |
BHARATPUR DISTRICT | ||
26 | Akbar’s Chhatri, Bayana | 42 |
27 | Ancient Fort with its Monuments, Bayana | 43 |
28 | Islam Shah’s Gate, Bayana | 45 |
29 | Brahmabad Idgah, Bayana | 46 |
30 | Jahangir’s Gateway, Bayana | 47 |
31 | Jhajri, Bayana | 48 |
32 | Lodhi’s Minar, Bayana | 49 |
33 | Sarai Sad-Ullah, Bayana | 50 |
34 | Usha Mandir Bayana | 51 |
35 | Fateh Burj near Anah Gate, Bharatpur | 52 |
36 | Delhi Gate, Bharatpur | 53 |
37 | Fort Walls Including Chowburja Gate and Approach Bridges at the Chowburja and Ashtadhatu Gates, Bharatpur | 54 |
38 | Jawahar Burj and Ashtadhatu Gateway inside the Bharatpur Fort, Bharatpur | 56 |
39 | Moat Surrounding the Fort Wall, Bharatpur | 58 |
40 | Deeg Bhawans (Palaces), Deeg | 59 |
41 | Looted Gun, Deeg | 64 |
42 | Marble Jhoola, Deeg | 65 |
43 | Chaurasi Khambha Temple, Kaman | 67 |
44 | Ancient Mound, Malah | 69 |
45 | Ancient Mound, Noh | 70 |
46 | Colossal Image of Yaksha, Noh | 72 |
47 | Lal Mahal, Rupvas | 73 |
BHILWARA DISTRICT | ||
48 | Mahakal and Two other Temples, Bijolia | 74 |
49 | Rock Inscriptions (12th century), Bijolia | 76 |
50 | Rock Inscription within the Parsvanath Temple (12th century), Bijolia | 77 |
51 | Ancient Temple Known as Kaner-ki-Putli, Khadipur | 78 |
BIKANER DISTRICT | ||
52 | Bhandasar Jaina Temple, Bikaner | 79 |
53 | Jaina Temple of Susani Goddess, Morkhana | 80 |
BUNDI DISTRICT | ||
54 | Wall Paintings of Hardoti School in the Palace, Bundi | 81 |
55 | Ancient Mound, Keshawarai Patan | 83 |
56 | Ancient Mound, Nainwa | 84 |
CHITTAURGARH DISTRICT | ||
57 | Group of Temples, Badoli | 85 |
58 | Fort of Chittaur as a Whole, Chittaurgarh | 89 |
59 | Mahanal Temple and Math, Menal | 104 |
60 | Ancient Site and Remains together with Adjacent Area, Nagari | 106 |
61 | Hathiwada Enclosure with Inscription, Nagari | 108 |
62 | Archaeological Site and Remains at Jeora, Nilodh | 109 |
DAUSA DISTRICT | ||
63 | Ancient Mound, Abaneri | 110 |
64 | Baori, Abaneri | 111 |
65 | Harsat Mata-ka-Mandir, Abaneri | 112 |
66 | Banjaron-ki-Chhatri Containing Two Pillars similar to the Railing Pillars of Bharhut Stupa, Lalsot | 114 |
67 | Ancient Mound, Maheshra | 116 |
68 | Ancient Mound, Raniwas | 117 |
69 | Ancient Mound, Sikrai | 118 |
DHOLPUR DISTRICT | ||
70 | Babur’s Garden, Jhor | 119 |
71 | Jogni-Jogna Temple, Near Sone-ka-Gurja | 121 |
72 | Shergarh Fort Shergarh | 122 |
DUNGARPUR DISTRICT | ||
73 | Jaina Temple Inscription, Baroda | 123 |
74 | Somnath Temple, Deo Somnath | 124 |
GANGA NAGAR DISTRICT | ||
75 | Ancient Mound, Baror | 126 |
76 | Ancient Mound, Bhannar Theri | 127 |
77 | Ancient Mound (2), Binjor | 128 |
78 | Ancient Mound, Chak-86 | 129 |
79 | Ancient Mound, Mathula | 130 |
80 | Ancient Mound, Tarkhanwala-Dera | 131 |
81 | Ancient Mounds, Rang Mahal | 132 |
82 | Ancient Mound, Badopal | 134 |
83 | Ancient Mound, Bhadrakali | 135 |
84 | Ancient Mounds, Dhokal | 136 |
85 | Fort Bhatner, Hanumangarh | 137 |
86 | Ancient Mounds (3), Kalibangan | 138 |
87 | Ancient Mound, Manak | 143 |
88 | Ancient Mound, Munda | 144 |
89 | Ancient Mound, Pilibangan | 145 |
90 | Ancient Mounds, Peer Sultan | 146 |
JAIPUR DISTRICT | ||
91 | Jama Masjid, Amber | 147 |
92 | Laxmi Narain’s Temple, Amber | 148 |
93 | Sri Jagat Siromaniji Temple, Amber | 150 |
94 | Sun Temple, Amber | 152 |
95 | Excavated Site, Bairat/Viratnagar | 154 |
96 | Pundarikji-ki-Haveli - Paintings in a Room, Brahmpuri | 156 |
97 | Temple Containing Fresco Paintings, Galtaji | 158 |
98 | Excavated Site, Sambhar | 159 |
JAISALMER DISTRICT | ||
99 | Fort Including Ancient Temples, Jaisalmer | 160 |
100 | Ancient Site, Lodruva Patan | 163 |
JHALAWAR DISTRICT | ||
101 | Buddhist Caves and Pillars, Binnayaga | 165 |
102 | Caves of Niranjani etc. (Dag), District Jhalawar | 166 |
103 | Ancient Ruins, Dudhaliya | 167 |
104 | Ancient Ruins, Dalsagar (Gangdhar) | 168 |
105 | Buddhist Caves, Hathiagor | 169 |
106 | Buddhist Caves, Pillars and Idols, Kolvi | 170 |
107 | Old Temples near the Chandrabhaga, Jhalrapatan | 172 |
JODHPUR DISTRICT | ||
108 | Fort Mandore, Mandore | 174 |
KARAULI DISTRICT | ||
109 | Wall Paintings in the Gopal Lal Palace, Karauli | 176 |
KOTA DISTRICT | ||
110 | Shiva Temple and Two Unpublished Gupta Inscriptions, Charchoma | 177 |
111 | Temple, Fort Wall and Statues, Dara/Mukandara | 178 |
112 | Temple with Inscriptions, Kanswa | 180 |
113 | Archaeological Sites and Remains, Gilund (Bhagwanpura) | 182 |
114 | For to Kumbhalgarh as a Whole, Kumbhalgarh | 184 |
115 | Ghat with Inscriptions, Pavilions and Toranas together with Adjacent Area, Nav Chowki, Rajsamand | 192 |
116 | Chetak Samadhi, Balicha | 194 |
117 | Badshahi Bagh, Khamnor | 195 |
118 | Haldighati, Khamnor | 196 |
119 | Rakta Talai, Khamnor | 197 |
SAWAI MADHOPUR DISTRICT | ||
120 | Ranthambhor Fort, Ranthambhor | 198 |
121 | Jaina Temple, Alanpur | 205 |
122 | Persian Inscriptions in a Baori, Alanpur | 206 |
SIKAR DISTRICT | ||
123 | Harshnath Temple, Harshnath-Sikar | 207 |
TONK DISTRICT | ||
124 | Bisal Deoji’s Temple, Bisalpur | 209 |
125 | Ancient Mound, Gariagarh (Newai) | 210 |
126 | Ancient Mound, Bundwali Doongri | 211 |
127 | Devapura Barodia Mound, Jhalai | 212 |
128 | Hathi Bhata, Khera | 213 |
129 | Ancient Mound, Nagar | 214 |
130 | Excavated Site, Nagar | 215 |
131 | Mandkila Tal Inscription, Nagar | 217 |
132 | Inscriptions in Fort, Nagar | 218 |
133 | Yupa Pillar in Bichpuria Temple, Nagar | 219 |
134 | Inscription, Panwar | 220 |
135 | Excavated Site, Rairh (Newai) | 221 |
136 | Kala Pahar Temple, Todarai Singh | 222 |
137 | Laxmi Narainji’s Temple Locally Known as Gopinathji’s Temple, Todarai Singh | 223 |
138 | Kalyan Raiji’s Temple, Todarai Singh | 225 |
139 | Old Baori Locally Known as Hadi Rani-ka-Kund, Todarai Singh | 227 |
140 | Pipaji’s Temple, Todarai Singh | 228 |
UDAIPUR DISTRICT | ||
141 | Ancient Ruins, Kalyanpur | 229 |
142 | Sas-Bahu Temple, Nagda | 230 |
143 | Hawa Mahal Known as Roothi Rani-ka-Mahal, Veerpura, Jaisamand | 232 |
144 | Mahal Known as Hawa Mahal, Veerpura, Jaisamand | 235 |
145 | Ruined Palace of Maharana Pratap, Chavand | 237 |
OTHER PRINCIPAL MONUMENTS AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES OF RAJASTHAN | ||
AJMER DISTRICT | ||
146 | Khwaja Muin-ud-din Chisti Dargah, Ajmer | 242 |
147 | Fort of Akbar, Ajmer | 244 |
ALWAR DISTRICT | ||
148 | Alwar Palace, Alwar | 245 |
149 | Dome of Fateh Jang, Alwar | 247 |
150 | Dome of Bhartrihari, Tijara | 248 |
151 | Tombs of Pathans, Tijara | 250 |
BARMER DISTRICT | ||
152 | Kiradu Temple Complex, Hatama | 252 |
BHILWARA DISTRICT | ||
153 | Excavated Site, Ojiyana | 254 |
BIKANER DISTRICT | ||
154 | Fort of Junagarh, Bikaner | 273 |
BUNDI DISTRICT | ||
155 | Rani ki Baori (Step-well), Bundi | 276 |
JAIPUR DISTRICT | ||
156 | City Wall of Jaipur Including Gates, Jaipur | 277 |
157 | City Palace (Royal Palace), Jaipur | 284 |
158 | Jantar Mantar (Observatory), Jaipur | 286 |
159 | Hawa Mahal, Jaipur | 288 |
160 | Albert Hall Museum, Jaipur | 290 |
161 | Isar Lat, Jaipur | 291 |
162 | Old Temple of Govind Dev Ji, Jaipur | 292 |
163 | Amber Fort and Palaces, Amber | 293 |
164 | Jaigarh Fort, Amber | 295 |
165 | Nahargarh Fort, Amber | 297 |
166 | Shish Mahal, Samod | 299 |
JAISALMER DISTRICT | ||
167 | Old Haveli (of Patwa) at Jaisalmer City, Jaisalmer | 300 |
JHALAWAR DISTRICT | ||
168 | Gagran Fort, Gagran | 302 |
JHUNJHUNU DISTRICT | ||
169 | Havelis of Mandawa in Shekhawati Region, Mandawa | 304 |
JODHPUR DISTRICT | ||
170 | Mehrangarh Fort, Jodhpur | 318 |
171 | Osian Group of Temples, Osian | 320 |
(1) Harihara Temples (1-6 nos.) | ||
(2) Sun Temple | ||
(3) Shiva Temple | ||
(4) Temple of Piplad Mata | ||
(5) Vishnu Temple | ||
(6) Jaina Temple | ||
(7) Sachiya Mata Temple | ||
PALI DISTRIC | ||
172 | Ranakpur Group of Temples, Ranakpur | 325 |
(1) Adinath Temple | ||
(2) Parsvanath Temple | ||
(3) Sun Temple | ||
RAJSAMAND DISTRICT | ||
173 | Temple of Srinath Ji, Nathdwara | 328 |
SIKAR DISTRICT | ||
174 | Excavated Site, Ganeshwar | 330 |
SIROHI DISTRICT | ||
175 | Dilwara Jaina Temples, Mount Abu | 332 |
TONK DISTRICT | ||
176 | Sunahri Kothi, Tonk | 336 |
UDAIPUR DISTRICT | ||
177 | Temple of Ambika Mata, Jagat | 338 |
178 | Excavated Site, Ahar | 340 |
Glossary | 345 | |
Bibliography | 347 |
Rajasthan has a long and glorious past. Events of history are evidenced in the form of ancient monuments and archaeological sites spread through the length and breadth of the entire state.
The present volume - an outcome of field studies carried out for several years by the author and his team of expert associates-is a comprehensive and composite study of monuments and archaeological sites of Rajasthan. The information, not limited to any particular type or period, covers a variety of monuments including massive forts, temples, tombs, inscriptions, palaces, havelies, step-wells, pillars, mosques, caves, tanks, etc.
This book also contains fresh data on the archaeological sites dating back to the Bronze Age. Among these special mention may be made of Ojiyana, an Ahar culture site located in the Aravalli mountains. Results of the excavations carried out by the author has thrown fresh light on the protohistoric archaeology of Rajasthan.
The book contains two parts. Part I deals with centrally protected monuments and sites and Part II contains monuments protected by the State Government, monuments with erstwhile rulers, monuments under trusts and in private ownership. It is indeed an appreciable attempt to provide authentic information on such diverse monuments and sites of Rajasthan in a single volume.
Written lucidly, this strikingly illustrated volume is valuable for researchers, scholars, students, general interest readers and tourists alike.
B. R. Meena was born on 5th June 1949 at Udaipurwati, District Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan). He took his Master’s degree in History from University of Rajasthan, Jaipur in 1974. He was appointed lecturer of History in Maharani Sri Jaya College, Bharatpur and subsequently joined the Archaeological Survey of India in 1976.
Shri Meena has participated in archaeological excavations at Mathura; Sringaverpur and Bhardwaj-Ashram, District Allahabad (U.P.); Pariar, District Unnao; Hulas, District Saharanpur; Ayodhya, District Faizabad and Ramapuram, District Kurnool (A.P.). He has carried out conservation of ancient monuments of national importance in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Rajasthan.
Being son of the soil, he is greatly fascinated with the panoramic cultural assemblage of Rajasthan. He has conducted excavations at early historical site Lachhura and an Ahar culture site Ojiyana in district Bhilwara (Rajasthan). The excavation carried out by him at Ojiyana, during 2001-01, has unearthed outstanding findings/antiquities which has brought to light some of the unknown aspects of Indian history.
Shri Meena is an archaeologist, conservator and museologist of repute. He has served as Superintending Archaeologist in different Circle. Presently, he is working as Superintending Archaeologist, Building Survey Project at New Delhi.
Foreword
Rajasthan has a long and glorious past. Events of history are evidenced in the form of ancient monuments and archaeological sites spread through the length and breadth of the entire state. I am delighted to write this foreword to Heritage of Rajasthan (Monuments and Archaeological Sites) by Shri B.R. Meena. Rajasthan has been my area of activities and I have visited most of these monuments and have studied rich cultural heritage of this part of the country during the past fifty years.
Sri B.R. Meena has put together valuable information in this book. As the head of the Jaipur Circle of the Archaeological Survey of India, he visited these monuments and sites and carried out in depth study. His practical knowledge is reflected in the information presented in this monograph.
Information of the cultural heritage, compiled inn two parts, is the outcome of field studies carried out for several years by the author and his team of expert associates. The information, not limited to any particular type or period, covers a variety of monuments including massive forts, temples, tombs, inscriptions, palaces, havelies, step-wells, pillars, mosques, caves, tanks, etc.
This book also contains fresh data on the archaeological sites dating back to the Bronze Age. Among these, special mention may be made of Ojiyana, an Ahar culture site located in the Aravalli mountains. This site discovered by me several decades back was excavated by Shri B. R. Meena in association with his colleague, Dr. Alok Tripathi. Result of the excavation carried out by Shri Meena at Ojiyana has thrown fresh light on the protohistoric archaeology of Rajasthan. First hand information about this site given in the book enhances the importance of this publication.
The monuments discussed in this book include - protected monuments of national importance monuments protected by the State Government, monuments with erstwhile rulers, monuments under trusts and in private ownership. It is an appreciable attempt to provide authentic information on such diverse monuments and sites of Rajasthan in a single volume.
All this data in simple language makes this volume useful for researchers, scholars, students and tourists alike. Author Sri B.R. Meena deserves sincere appreciation for his comprehensive and composite study of ancient monuments and archaeological sites of Rajasthan and bringing out this rich heritage through this monograph for the benefit of every knowledge seekers.
Preface
This monograph is a result of my study of Rajasthan and its cultural wealth right from my student days. Being son of the soil, I have been greatly fascinated with the panoramic cultural assemblage of Rajasthan. After joining the Archaeological Survey of India, I got the opportunity to study this rich cultural heritage closely - the present book being the outcome.
Heritage can be divided into two logical divisions - national heritage and cultural heritage. In this book, we have taken the cultural aspect, particularly the monuments and archaeological sites of Rajasthan. This book contains two parts. Part I deals with the centrally protected monuments and sites of Rajasthan and Part II deals with the principal monuments and sites under state protection, i.e., Government of Rajasthan, unprotected sites and monuments looked after by trust, personal properties of ex-rulers and important private havelis and chhatris of Mandawa.
I frequently visited the monuments and sites of Rajasthan during my tenure of service in Archaeological Survey of India. In the preparation of this book, I was associated with my persons who have helped me in many ways. I express my hearty gratitude to Shri K.N. Shrivastava, Director General, Archaeological Survey of India and former Director Generals - Prof. B.B. Lal, Shri M.N. Deshpande, Shri J.P. Joshi and ‘Shri M.C. Joshi. The first lesson of archaeology was taught to me by Shri M.C. Joshi during the excavation at Mathura. I am beholden to Shri K.N. Dikshit, former Joint Director General, Archaeological Survey of India, who not only inspired me but encouraged me too during the excavation at Hulas. I express my sincere thanks to Dr. R.S. Bisht and Prof. (Dr.) R.C. Agrawal, former Joint Director Generals of the ASI, who provided several opportunities in my career to work out my dreams. I am also grateful to my colleagues Dr. K.P. Poonacha and Shri A.K. Sinha, who have always inspired me. I am thankful to my elder brother Shri Man Singh Meena, Director (Export Promotion) for his constant valuable guidance and encouragement.
I am grateful to Shri R.C. Agrawala, former Director, State Archaeology, Government of Rajasthan and Prof. R.C. Mishra, Rajasthan University for providing valuable suggestions and guidance to complete the book. I am thankful to Shri Alok Tripathi, the then Deputy Superintending Archaeologist and Shri Sant Lal, Deputy Superintending Archaeological Engineer for their valued co-operation. I am also grateful to Dr. M.L. Sharma, Head, Deptt. of History Government P.G Collage, Kotputli; Shri M.L. Meena, Lecturer in History, Government P.G. College, Neem ka Thana; Shri Rajendra Yadav, Assistant Archaeologist and Smt Ujval Handu who helped me in many ways - general discussions, finalization of text, checking the plans and photographs etc. I am thankful to Shri Fakir Chand, ASA, B.R. Singh and Kanwar Singh, Assistant Archaeoloists, S.K. Apharya, B.B. Dubey, S.C. Gupta, R.P. Mathur, K.L. Saini, Ms. Nalini Sharma and P.C. Bohra of Jaipur Circle and also the staff of Building Survey Project, New Delhi, who have assisted me in various ways from time to time.
I am grateful to Smt. Komal Anand, former Director General, ASI, New Delhi who kindly permitted me to utilize the material and information in the compilation of this book.
My grateful thanks are also due to my wife Mrs. Shushila Meena, sons Pankaj and Mukesh, daughters Anita and Madhu and sons-in-law Mahinder and Rajesh. Without their love and support this work would not have been possible. Last but not the least, I express my thanks to Mr. Vikas Arya of Aryan Books International for bringing out the book in an excellent manner.
Foreword | vii | |
Preface | ix | |
List of Plates | xix | |
List of Figures | xxix | |
Introduction | xxxvii | |
CENTRALLY PROTECTED MONUMENTS AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES OF RAJASTHAN | ||
AJMER DISTRICT | ||
1 | Adhai-Din-ka-Jhonpra, Ajmer | 2 |
2 | Baori on the Ajmet-Jaipur Road, Ajmer | 4 |
3 | Badshahi Haveli, Ajmer | 5 |
4 | Delhi Gate Consisting of One Archway, Ajmer | 6 |
5 | Gateway of Taragarh Hill, Ajmer | 7 |
6 | Marble Pavilions and Balustrade on the Anasagar Bund and the Ruins of the Marble Hammam behind the Anasagar Bund, Ajmer | 8 |
7 | Saheli Bazar Buildings in Daulat Bagh, Ajmer | 10 |
8 | Tombs of Abdulla Khan and his Wife, Ajmer | 11 |
9 | Tomb of Alla-ud-din Khan Known as “Sola Thumba”, Ajmer | 12 |
10 | Tripolia Gate, Ajmer | 14 |
11 | Sarai, Chhatri | 15 |
12 | Kos Minars Erected by Emperor Akbar, Ajmer-Jaipur Road | 16 |
13 | Mahal Badshahi, Pushkar | 18 |
14 | Brahma Temple, Pushkar | 19 |
ALWAR DISTRICT | ||
15 | Ancient Site, Bhangarh | 22 |
16 | Shiva Temple, Neelkanth | 26 |
17 | Lal Masjid, Tijara | 28 |
18 | Ancient Remains, Pandrupol | 30 |
BANSRARA DISTRICT | ||
19 | Shiva Temple and Ruins, Arthuna | 31 |
20 | Ancient Remains, Vithal Deva | 34 |
BARAN DISTRICT | ||
21 | Ruins of Temples, Atu/Ganeshganj | 35 |
22 | Yupa Pillars, Badva | 36 |
23 | Temple of 12th century AD, Baran | 37 |
24 | Ancient Ruins and Structural Remains, Krishnavilas | 35 |
25 | Old Temples, Statues and Inscriptions, Shergarh | 41 |
BHARATPUR DISTRICT | ||
26 | Akbar’s Chhatri, Bayana | 42 |
27 | Ancient Fort with its Monuments, Bayana | 43 |
28 | Islam Shah’s Gate, Bayana | 45 |
29 | Brahmabad Idgah, Bayana | 46 |
30 | Jahangir’s Gateway, Bayana | 47 |
31 | Jhajri, Bayana | 48 |
32 | Lodhi’s Minar, Bayana | 49 |
33 | Sarai Sad-Ullah, Bayana | 50 |
34 | Usha Mandir Bayana | 51 |
35 | Fateh Burj near Anah Gate, Bharatpur | 52 |
36 | Delhi Gate, Bharatpur | 53 |
37 | Fort Walls Including Chowburja Gate and Approach Bridges at the Chowburja and Ashtadhatu Gates, Bharatpur | 54 |
38 | Jawahar Burj and Ashtadhatu Gateway inside the Bharatpur Fort, Bharatpur | 56 |
39 | Moat Surrounding the Fort Wall, Bharatpur | 58 |
40 | Deeg Bhawans (Palaces), Deeg | 59 |
41 | Looted Gun, Deeg | 64 |
42 | Marble Jhoola, Deeg | 65 |
43 | Chaurasi Khambha Temple, Kaman | 67 |
44 | Ancient Mound, Malah | 69 |
45 | Ancient Mound, Noh | 70 |
46 | Colossal Image of Yaksha, Noh | 72 |
47 | Lal Mahal, Rupvas | 73 |
BHILWARA DISTRICT | ||
48 | Mahakal and Two other Temples, Bijolia | 74 |
49 | Rock Inscriptions (12th century), Bijolia | 76 |
50 | Rock Inscription within the Parsvanath Temple (12th century), Bijolia | 77 |
51 | Ancient Temple Known as Kaner-ki-Putli, Khadipur | 78 |
BIKANER DISTRICT | ||
52 | Bhandasar Jaina Temple, Bikaner | 79 |
53 | Jaina Temple of Susani Goddess, Morkhana | 80 |
BUNDI DISTRICT | ||
54 | Wall Paintings of Hardoti School in the Palace, Bundi | 81 |
55 | Ancient Mound, Keshawarai Patan | 83 |
56 | Ancient Mound, Nainwa | 84 |
CHITTAURGARH DISTRICT | ||
57 | Group of Temples, Badoli | 85 |
58 | Fort of Chittaur as a Whole, Chittaurgarh | 89 |
59 | Mahanal Temple and Math, Menal | 104 |
60 | Ancient Site and Remains together with Adjacent Area, Nagari | 106 |
61 | Hathiwada Enclosure with Inscription, Nagari | 108 |
62 | Archaeological Site and Remains at Jeora, Nilodh | 109 |
DAUSA DISTRICT | ||
63 | Ancient Mound, Abaneri | 110 |
64 | Baori, Abaneri | 111 |
65 | Harsat Mata-ka-Mandir, Abaneri | 112 |
66 | Banjaron-ki-Chhatri Containing Two Pillars similar to the Railing Pillars of Bharhut Stupa, Lalsot | 114 |
67 | Ancient Mound, Maheshra | 116 |
68 | Ancient Mound, Raniwas | 117 |
69 | Ancient Mound, Sikrai | 118 |
DHOLPUR DISTRICT | ||
70 | Babur’s Garden, Jhor | 119 |
71 | Jogni-Jogna Temple, Near Sone-ka-Gurja | 121 |
72 | Shergarh Fort Shergarh | 122 |
DUNGARPUR DISTRICT | ||
73 | Jaina Temple Inscription, Baroda | 123 |
74 | Somnath Temple, Deo Somnath | 124 |
GANGA NAGAR DISTRICT | ||
75 | Ancient Mound, Baror | 126 |
76 | Ancient Mound, Bhannar Theri | 127 |
77 | Ancient Mound (2), Binjor | 128 |
78 | Ancient Mound, Chak-86 | 129 |
79 | Ancient Mound, Mathula | 130 |
80 | Ancient Mound, Tarkhanwala-Dera | 131 |
81 | Ancient Mounds, Rang Mahal | 132 |
82 | Ancient Mound, Badopal | 134 |
83 | Ancient Mound, Bhadrakali | 135 |
84 | Ancient Mounds, Dhokal | 136 |
85 | Fort Bhatner, Hanumangarh | 137 |
86 | Ancient Mounds (3), Kalibangan | 138 |
87 | Ancient Mound, Manak | 143 |
88 | Ancient Mound, Munda | 144 |
89 | Ancient Mound, Pilibangan | 145 |
90 | Ancient Mounds, Peer Sultan | 146 |
JAIPUR DISTRICT | ||
91 | Jama Masjid, Amber | 147 |
92 | Laxmi Narain’s Temple, Amber | 148 |
93 | Sri Jagat Siromaniji Temple, Amber | 150 |
94 | Sun Temple, Amber | 152 |
95 | Excavated Site, Bairat/Viratnagar | 154 |
96 | Pundarikji-ki-Haveli - Paintings in a Room, Brahmpuri | 156 |
97 | Temple Containing Fresco Paintings, Galtaji | 158 |
98 | Excavated Site, Sambhar | 159 |
JAISALMER DISTRICT | ||
99 | Fort Including Ancient Temples, Jaisalmer | 160 |
100 | Ancient Site, Lodruva Patan | 163 |
JHALAWAR DISTRICT | ||
101 | Buddhist Caves and Pillars, Binnayaga | 165 |
102 | Caves of Niranjani etc. (Dag), District Jhalawar | 166 |
103 | Ancient Ruins, Dudhaliya | 167 |
104 | Ancient Ruins, Dalsagar (Gangdhar) | 168 |
105 | Buddhist Caves, Hathiagor | 169 |
106 | Buddhist Caves, Pillars and Idols, Kolvi | 170 |
107 | Old Temples near the Chandrabhaga, Jhalrapatan | 172 |
JODHPUR DISTRICT | ||
108 | Fort Mandore, Mandore | 174 |
KARAULI DISTRICT | ||
109 | Wall Paintings in the Gopal Lal Palace, Karauli | 176 |
KOTA DISTRICT | ||
110 | Shiva Temple and Two Unpublished Gupta Inscriptions, Charchoma | 177 |
111 | Temple, Fort Wall and Statues, Dara/Mukandara | 178 |
112 | Temple with Inscriptions, Kanswa | 180 |
113 | Archaeological Sites and Remains, Gilund (Bhagwanpura) | 182 |
114 | For to Kumbhalgarh as a Whole, Kumbhalgarh | 184 |
115 | Ghat with Inscriptions, Pavilions and Toranas together with Adjacent Area, Nav Chowki, Rajsamand | 192 |
116 | Chetak Samadhi, Balicha | 194 |
117 | Badshahi Bagh, Khamnor | 195 |
118 | Haldighati, Khamnor | 196 |
119 | Rakta Talai, Khamnor | 197 |
SAWAI MADHOPUR DISTRICT | ||
120 | Ranthambhor Fort, Ranthambhor | 198 |
121 | Jaina Temple, Alanpur | 205 |
122 | Persian Inscriptions in a Baori, Alanpur | 206 |
SIKAR DISTRICT | ||
123 | Harshnath Temple, Harshnath-Sikar | 207 |
TONK DISTRICT | ||
124 | Bisal Deoji’s Temple, Bisalpur | 209 |
125 | Ancient Mound, Gariagarh (Newai) | 210 |
126 | Ancient Mound, Bundwali Doongri | 211 |
127 | Devapura Barodia Mound, Jhalai | 212 |
128 | Hathi Bhata, Khera | 213 |
129 | Ancient Mound, Nagar | 214 |
130 | Excavated Site, Nagar | 215 |
131 | Mandkila Tal Inscription, Nagar | 217 |
132 | Inscriptions in Fort, Nagar | 218 |
133 | Yupa Pillar in Bichpuria Temple, Nagar | 219 |
134 | Inscription, Panwar | 220 |
135 | Excavated Site, Rairh (Newai) | 221 |
136 | Kala Pahar Temple, Todarai Singh | 222 |
137 | Laxmi Narainji’s Temple Locally Known as Gopinathji’s Temple, Todarai Singh | 223 |
138 | Kalyan Raiji’s Temple, Todarai Singh | 225 |
139 | Old Baori Locally Known as Hadi Rani-ka-Kund, Todarai Singh | 227 |
140 | Pipaji’s Temple, Todarai Singh | 228 |
UDAIPUR DISTRICT | ||
141 | Ancient Ruins, Kalyanpur | 229 |
142 | Sas-Bahu Temple, Nagda | 230 |
143 | Hawa Mahal Known as Roothi Rani-ka-Mahal, Veerpura, Jaisamand | 232 |
144 | Mahal Known as Hawa Mahal, Veerpura, Jaisamand | 235 |
145 | Ruined Palace of Maharana Pratap, Chavand | 237 |
OTHER PRINCIPAL MONUMENTS AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES OF RAJASTHAN | ||
AJMER DISTRICT | ||
146 | Khwaja Muin-ud-din Chisti Dargah, Ajmer | 242 |
147 | Fort of Akbar, Ajmer | 244 |
ALWAR DISTRICT | ||
148 | Alwar Palace, Alwar | 245 |
149 | Dome of Fateh Jang, Alwar | 247 |
150 | Dome of Bhartrihari, Tijara | 248 |
151 | Tombs of Pathans, Tijara | 250 |
BARMER DISTRICT | ||
152 | Kiradu Temple Complex, Hatama | 252 |
BHILWARA DISTRICT | ||
153 | Excavated Site, Ojiyana | 254 |
BIKANER DISTRICT | ||
154 | Fort of Junagarh, Bikaner | 273 |
BUNDI DISTRICT | ||
155 | Rani ki Baori (Step-well), Bundi | 276 |
JAIPUR DISTRICT | ||
156 | City Wall of Jaipur Including Gates, Jaipur | 277 |
157 | City Palace (Royal Palace), Jaipur | 284 |
158 | Jantar Mantar (Observatory), Jaipur | 286 |
159 | Hawa Mahal, Jaipur | 288 |
160 | Albert Hall Museum, Jaipur | 290 |
161 | Isar Lat, Jaipur | 291 |
162 | Old Temple of Govind Dev Ji, Jaipur | 292 |
163 | Amber Fort and Palaces, Amber | 293 |
164 | Jaigarh Fort, Amber | 295 |
165 | Nahargarh Fort, Amber | 297 |
166 | Shish Mahal, Samod | 299 |
JAISALMER DISTRICT | ||
167 | Old Haveli (of Patwa) at Jaisalmer City, Jaisalmer | 300 |
JHALAWAR DISTRICT | ||
168 | Gagran Fort, Gagran | 302 |
JHUNJHUNU DISTRICT | ||
169 | Havelis of Mandawa in Shekhawati Region, Mandawa | 304 |
JODHPUR DISTRICT | ||
170 | Mehrangarh Fort, Jodhpur | 318 |
171 | Osian Group of Temples, Osian | 320 |
(1) Harihara Temples (1-6 nos.) | ||
(2) Sun Temple | ||
(3) Shiva Temple | ||
(4) Temple of Piplad Mata | ||
(5) Vishnu Temple | ||
(6) Jaina Temple | ||
(7) Sachiya Mata Temple | ||
PALI DISTRIC | ||
172 | Ranakpur Group of Temples, Ranakpur | 325 |
(1) Adinath Temple | ||
(2) Parsvanath Temple | ||
(3) Sun Temple | ||
RAJSAMAND DISTRICT | ||
173 | Temple of Srinath Ji, Nathdwara | 328 |
SIKAR DISTRICT | ||
174 | Excavated Site, Ganeshwar | 330 |
SIROHI DISTRICT | ||
175 | Dilwara Jaina Temples, Mount Abu | 332 |
TONK DISTRICT | ||
176 | Sunahri Kothi, Tonk | 336 |
UDAIPUR DISTRICT | ||
177 | Temple of Ambika Mata, Jagat | 338 |
178 | Excavated Site, Ahar | 340 |
Glossary | 345 | |
Bibliography | 347 |